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(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
（出自 B. Sujato 2018/12） |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
如是我聞。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhaggesu viharati susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye. |
At one time Venerable Mahāmoggallāna was staying in the land of the Bhaggas on Crocodile Hill, in the deer park at Bhesakaḷā’s Wood. |
一時，尊者大目犍連住在跋迦國鱷魚山，配沙伽羅林的鹿野苑。 |
| Tatra kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhikkhū āmantesi: |
There Venerable Mahāmoggallāna addressed the monks: |
在那裡，尊者大目犍連對諸比丘說： |
| “āvuso bhikkhavo”ti. |
“Reverends, monks!” |
「尊者們，比丘們！」 |
| “Āvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṃ. |
“Reverend,” they replied. |
「尊者。」他們回答。 |
| Āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca: |
Venerable Mahāmoggallāna said this: |
尊者大目犍連如此說： |
| “Pavāreti cepi, āvuso, bhikkhu: |
“Suppose a monk invites |
「假設一位比丘邀請 |
| ‘vadantu maṃ āyasmanto, vacanīyomhi āyasmantehī’ti, so ca hoti dubbaco, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato, akkhamo appadakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ, atha kho naṃ sabrahmacārī na ceva vattabbaṃ maññanti, na ca anusāsitabbaṃ maññanti, na ca tasmiṃ puggale vissāsaṃ āpajjitabbaṃ maññanti. |
other monks to admonish them. But they’re hard to admonish, having dharmas that make them hard to admonish. They're impatient, and don't take instruction respectfully. So their spiritual companions don’t think it’s worth advising and instructing them, and that person doesn’t gain their trust. |
其他比丘來規勸他。但他卻難以規勸，因他具有使他難以規勸的法。他沒有耐心，不恭敬地接受指導。因此他的同修們認為不值得勸告和指導他，那個人也得不到他們的信任。 |
| Katame cāvuso, dovacassakaraṇā dhammā? |
And what are the dharma [qualities] that make them hard to admonish? |
什麼是使人難以規勸的法[特質]呢？ |
| Idhāvuso, bhikkhu pāpiccho hoti, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato. |
Firstly, a monk has wicked desires, having fallen under the sway of wicked desires. |
首先，一位比丘有惡欲，屈服於惡欲的影響。 |
| Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu pāpiccho hoti, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato— |
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| ayampi dhammo dovacassakaraṇo. (1) |
This is a quality that makes them difficult to admonish. |
這是一種使人難以規勸的特質。 |
| Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu codito codakena aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati, bahiddhā kathaṃ apanāmeti, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. |
When accused, they dodge the issue, distract the discussion with irrelevant points, and display irritation, hate, and bitterness … |
當被指責時，他們迴避問題，用無關的話題轉移討論，並表現出惱怒、憎恨和怨恨… |
| Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu codito codakena aññenaññaṃ paṭicarati, bahiddhā kathaṃ apanāmeti, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti— |
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| ayampi dhammo dovacassakaraṇo. (10) |
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| Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī. |
Furthermore, a monk is attached to their own views, holding them tight, and refusing to let go. |
再者，一位比丘執著於自己的見解，緊抓不放，拒絕放手。 |
| Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī— |
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| ayampi dhammo dovacassakaraṇo. (16) |
This too is a quality that makes them difficult to admonish. |
這也是一種使人難以規勸的特質。 |
| No cepi, āvuso, bhikkhu pavāreti: |
Suppose a monk doesn’t invite |
假設一位比丘不邀請 |
| ‘vadantu maṃ āyasmanto, vacanīyomhi āyasmantehī’ti, so ca hoti suvaco, sovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgato, khamo padakkhiṇaggāhī anusāsaniṃ, atha kho naṃ sabrahmacārī vattabbañceva maññanti, anusāsitabbañca maññanti, tasmiñca puggale vissāsaṃ āpajjitabbaṃ maññanti. |
other monks to admonish them. But they’re easy to admonish, having dharmas that make them easy to admonish. They're accepting, and take instruction respectfully. So their spiritual companions think it’s worth advising and instructing them, and that person gains their trust. |
其他比丘來規勸他。但他卻容易規勸，因他具有使他容易規勸的法。他善於接受，恭敬地接受指導。因此他的同修們認為值得勸告和指導他，那個人也得到了他們的信任。 |
| Katame cāvuso, sovacassakaraṇā dhammā? |
And what are the dharmas that make them easy to admonish? |
什麼是使人容易規勸的法呢？ |
| Idhāvuso, bhikkhu na pāpiccho hoti, na pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato. |
Firstly, a monk doesn’t have wicked desires … |
首先，一位比丘沒有惡欲… |
| Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu na pāpiccho hoti na pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato— |
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| ayampi dhammo sovacassakaraṇo. (1) |
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| Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhu asandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti anādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī. |
Furthermore, a monk isn’t attached to their own views, not holding them tight, but letting them go easily. |
再者，一位比丘不執著於自己的見解，不緊抓不放，而是輕易地放手。 |
| Yaṃpāvuso, bhikkhu asandiṭṭhiparāmāsī hoti, anādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī— |
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| ayampi dhammo sovacassakaraṇo. (16) |
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| Tatrāvuso, bhikkhunā attanāva attānaṃ evaṃ anuminitabbaṃ: |
In such a case, a monk should measure themselves against another like this. |
在這種情況下，一位比丘應如此衡量自己與他人。 |
| ‘yo khvāyaṃ puggalo pāpiccho, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato, ayaṃ me puggalo appiyo amanāpo; |
‘This person has wicked desires, having fallen under the sway of wicked desires. And I don’t like or approve of this person. |
「這個人有惡欲，屈服於惡欲的影響。而我不喜歡也不贊同這個人。 |
| ahañceva kho panassaṃ pāpiccho pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato, ahampāssaṃ paresaṃ appiyo amanāpo’ti. |
And if I were to fall under the sway of wicked desires, others wouldn’t like or approve of me.’ |
倘若我也屈服於惡欲的影響，其他人也不會喜歡或贊同我。」 |
| Evaṃ jānantenāvuso, bhikkhunā ‘na pāpiccho bhavissāmi, na pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. (1) |
A monk who knows this should give rise to the thought: ‘I will not fall under the sway of wicked desires.’ … |
一位知道這點的比丘應生起這樣的念頭：「我將不屈服於惡欲的影響。」… |
| ‘Yo khvāyaṃ puggalo sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī, ayaṃ me puggalo appiyo amanāpo; |
‘This person is attached to their own views, holding them tight and refusing to let go. And I don’t like or approve of this person. |
「這個人執著於自己的見解，緊抓不放，拒絕放手。而我不喜歡也不贊同這個人。 |
| ahañceva kho panassaṃ sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī, ahampāssaṃ paresaṃ appiyo amanāpo’ti. |
And if I were to be attached to my own views, holding them tight and refusing to let go, others wouldn’t like or approve of me.’ |
倘若我也執著於自己的見解，緊抓不放，拒絕放手，其他人也不會喜歡或贊同我。」 |
| Evaṃ jānantenāvuso, bhikkhunā ‘asandiṭṭhiparāmāsī bhavissāmi anādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. (16) |
A monk who knows this should give rise to the thought: ‘I will not be attached to my own views, holding them tight, but will let them go easily.’ |
一位知道這點的比丘應生起這樣的念頭：「我將不執著於自己的見解，不緊抓不放，而是輕易地放手。」 |
| Tatrāvuso, bhikkhunā attanāva attānaṃ evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ: |
In such a case, a monk should reflect on themselves like this: |
在這種情況下，一位比丘應如此反省自己： |
| ‘kiṃ nu khomhi pāpiccho, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato’ti? |
‘Do I have wicked desires? Have I fallen under the sway of wicked desires?’ |
「我有惡欲嗎？我屈服於惡欲的影響了嗎？」 |
| Sace, āvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Suppose that, upon reflection, a monk knows that |
假設經過反省，一位比丘知道 |
| ‘pāpiccho khomhi, pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato’ti, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. |
they have fallen under the sway of wicked desires. Then they should make an effort to give up those bad, unskillful dharmas. |
他們已屈服於惡欲的影響。那麼他們應努力捨棄那些惡的、不善的法。 |
| Sace panāvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
But suppose that, upon reflection, a monk knows that |
但假設經過反省，一位比丘知道 |
| ‘na khomhi pāpiccho, na pāpikānaṃ icchānaṃ vasaṃ gato’ti, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu. (1) |
they haven’t fallen under the sway of wicked desires. Then they should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful dharmas. … |
他們未曾屈服於惡欲的影響。那麼他們應帶著喜與樂禪修，日夜修習善法。… |
| Puna caparaṃ, āvuso, bhikkhunā attanāva attānaṃ evaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ: |
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| ‘kiṃ nu khomhi sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī’ti? |
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| Sace, āvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Suppose that, upon reflection, a monk knows that |
假設經過反省，一位比丘知道 |
| ‘sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī khomhi ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī’ti, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. |
they are attached to their own views, holding them tight, and refusing to let go. Then they should make an effort to give up those bad, unskillful dharmas. |
他們執著於自己的見解，緊抓不放，拒絕放手。那麼他們應努力捨棄那些惡的、不善的法。 |
| Sace panāvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti: |
Suppose that, upon reflection, a monk knows that |
假設經過反省，一位比丘知道 |
| ‘asandiṭṭhiparāmāsī khomhi anādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī’ti, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu. (16) |
they’re not attached to their own views, holding them tight, but let them go easily. Then they should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful dharmas. |
他們不執著於自己的見解，不緊抓不放，而是輕易地放手。那麼他們應帶著喜與樂禪修，日夜修習善法。 |
| Sace, āvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno sabbepime pāpake akusale dhamme appahīne attani samanupassati, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā sabbesaṃyeva imesaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. |
Suppose that, upon reflection, a monk sees that they haven’t given up all these bad, unskillful dharmas. Then they should make an effort to give them all up. |
假設經過反省，一位比丘看到他們尚未捨棄所有這些惡的、不善的法。那麼他們應努力將它們全部捨棄。 |
| Sace panāvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno sabbepime pāpake akusale dhamme pahīne attani samanupassati, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ, ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu. |
But suppose that, upon reflection, a monk sees that they have given up all these bad, unskillful dharmas. Then they should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful dharmas. |
但假設經過反省，一位比丘看到他們已經捨棄了所有這些惡的、不善的法。那麼他們應帶著喜與樂禪修，日夜修習善法。 |
| Seyyathāpi, āvuso, itthī vā puriso vā, daharo yuvā maṇḍanajātiko, ādāse vā parisuddhe pariyodāte, acche vā udakapatte, sakaṃ mukhanimittaṃ paccavekkhamāno, sace tattha passati rajaṃ vā aṅgaṇaṃ vā, tasseva rajassa vā aṅgaṇassa vā pahānāya vāyamati; |
Suppose there was a woman or man who was young, youthful, and fond of adornments, and they check their own reflection in a clean bright mirror or a clear bowl of water. If they see any dirt or blemish there, they’d try to remove it. |
假設有一位年輕、青春、喜愛裝飾的女人或男人，他們在一面乾淨明亮的鏡子或一碗清水中察看自己的倒影。如果他們在那裡看到任何污垢或瑕疵，他們會試圖將其去除。 |
| no ce tattha passati rajaṃ vā aṅgaṇaṃ vā, teneva attamano hoti: |
But if they don’t see any dirt or blemish there, they’re happy, thinking: |
但如果他們沒有看到任何污垢或瑕疵，他們會很高興，心想： |
| ‘lābhā vata me, parisuddhaṃ vata me’ti. |
‘How fortunate that I’m clean!’ |
『多幸運，我是乾淨的！』 |
| Evameva kho, āvuso, sace bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno sabbepime pāpake akusale dhamme appahīne attani samanupassati, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā sabbesaṃyeva imesaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. |
In the same way, suppose that, upon reflection, a monk sees that they haven’t given up all these bad, unskillful dharmas. Then they should make an effort to give them all up. |
同樣地，假設經過反省，一位比丘看到他們尚未捨棄所有這些惡的、不善的法。那麼他們應努力將它們全部捨棄。 |
| Sace panāvuso, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno sabbepime pāpake akusale dhamme pahīne attani samanupassati, tenāvuso, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ, ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesū”ti. |
But suppose that, upon reflection, a monk sees that they have given up all these bad, unskillful dharmas. Then they should meditate with rapture and joy, training day and night in skillful dharmas.” |
但假設經過反省，一位比丘看到他們已經捨棄了所有這些惡的、不善的法。那麼他們應帶著喜與樂禪修，日夜修習善法。」 |
