+ MN 98 Vāseṭṭha + all - all + with Vāseṭṭha
(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12)
(根据B. Sujato 2018/12 译)
Evaṃ me sutaṃ—
So I have heard.
如是我闻。
ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe.
At one time the Buddha was staying in a forest near Icchānaṅgala.
一时，佛陀住在伊查南伽拉附近的一片森林里。
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā abhiññātā abhiññātā brāhmaṇamahāsālā icchānaṅgale paṭivasanti, seyyathidaṃ—
Now at that time several very well-known well-to-do brahmins were residing in Icchānaṅgala. They included
当时，有几位非常有名望的富裕婆罗门住在伊查南伽拉。他们包括：
caṅkī brāhmaṇo, tārukkho brāhmaṇo, pokkharasāti brāhmaṇo, jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo, todeyyo brāhmaṇo, aññe ca abhiññātā abhiññātā brāhmaṇamahāsālā.
the brahmins Caṅkī, Tārukkha, Pokkharasāti, Jāṇussoṇi, Todeyya, and others.
婆罗门羌奇、塔鲁哈、波卡拉萨蒂、贾努索尼、托德亚，以及其他人。
Atha kho vāseṭṭhabhāradvājānaṃ māṇavānaṃ jaṅghāvihāraṃ anucaṅkamantānaṃ anuvicarantānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi:
Then as the brahmin students Vāseṭṭha and Bhāradvāja were going for a walk they began a discussion:
于是，婆罗门学生瓦塞塔和巴拉德瓦贾散步时，他们开始了一场讨论：
“kathaṃ, bho, brāhmaṇo hotī”ti?
“How is one a brahmin?”
“一个人如何成为婆罗门？”
Bhāradvājo māṇavo evamāha:
Bhāradvāja said this:
巴拉德瓦贾这样说：
“yato kho, bho, ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena—
“When you’re well born on both your mother’s and father’s side, of pure descent, irrefutable and impeccable in questions of ancestry back to the seventh paternal generation—
“当你的父母双方都出身良好，血统纯正，在追溯到第七代父系祖先的血统问题上无可辩驳、无可挑剔时——
ettāvatā kho, bho, brāhmaṇo hotī”ti.
then you’re a brahmin.”
那时你就是婆罗门。”
Vāseṭṭho māṇavo evamāha:
Vāseṭṭha said this:
瓦塞塔这样说：
“yato kho, bho, sīlavā ca hoti vattasampanno ca—
“When you’re ethical and accomplished in doing your duties—
“当你道德高尚并能出色地履行职责时——
ettāvatā kho, bho, brāhmaṇo hotī”ti.
then you’re a brahmin.”
那时你就是婆罗门。”
Neva kho asakkhi bhāradvājo māṇavo vāseṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ saññāpetuṃ, na pana asakkhi vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhāradvājaṃ māṇavaṃ saññāpetuṃ.
But neither was able to persuade the other.
但他们俩都无法说服对方。
Atha kho vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhāradvājaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantesi:
So Vāseṭṭha said to Bhāradvāja:
于是瓦塞塔对巴拉德瓦贾说：
“ayaṃ kho, bho bhāradvāja, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe.
“Master Bhāradvāja, the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—is staying in a forest near Icchānaṅgala.
“巴拉德瓦贾尊者，沙门乔达摩——一位释迦族的后代，从释迦族出家——正住在伊查南伽拉附近的一片森林里。
Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato:
He has this good reputation:
他有这样的好名声：
‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti.
‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’
‘那位世尊是阿罗汉，一位完全觉醒的佛陀，成就于知识和行为，圣洁，知晓世间，是那些希望训练的人的最高导师，天人导师，觉醒者，有福者。’
Āyāma, bho bhāradvāja, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ etamatthaṃ pucchissāma.
Come, let’s go to see him and ask him about this matter.
来吧，我们去见他，问他这个问题。
Yathā no samaṇo gotamo byākarissati tathā naṃ dhāressāmā”ti.
As he answers, so we’ll remember it.”
他怎么回答，我们就怎么记住。”
“Evaṃ, bho”ti kho bhāradvājo māṇavo vāseṭṭhassa māṇavassa paccassosi.
“Yes, sir,” replied Bhāradvāja.
“好的，尊者，”巴拉德瓦贾回答。
Atha kho vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā māṇavā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu.
So they went to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.
于是他们去见佛陀，并与他互相问候。
Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, they sat down to one side,
问候和客套话结束后，他们坐到一边，
Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vāseṭṭho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi:
and Vāseṭṭha addressed the Buddha in verse:
瓦塞塔用偈语对佛陀说：
“Anuññātapaṭiññātā,
“We’re both authorized masters
“我们都是三吠陀的
tevijjā mayamasmubho;
of the three Vedas.
授权大师。
Ahaṃ pokkharasātissa,
I’m a student of Pokkharasāti,
我是波卡拉萨蒂的学生，
tārukkhassāyaṃ māṇavo.
and he of Tārukkha.
他是塔鲁哈的学生。
Tevijjānaṃ yadakkhātaṃ,
We’re fully qualified
我们完全具备
tatra kevalinosmase;
in all the Vedic experts teach.
所有吠陀专家所教导的资格。
Padakasmā veyyākaraṇā,
As philologists and grammarians,
作为语言学家和语法学家，
jappe ācariyasādisā;
we match our teachers in recitation.
我们与老师在背诵方面不相上下。
Tesaṃ no jātivādasmiṃ,
We have a dispute
我们有一个争论
vivādo atthi gotama.
regarding the question of ancestry.
关于血统的问题。
Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti,
For Bhāradvāja says that
因为巴拉德瓦贾说
bhāradvājo iti bhāsati;
one is a brahmin due to birth,
一个人是婆罗门是因为出生，
Ahañca kammunā brūmi,
but I declare it’s because of one’s actions.
但我宣称是因为一个人的行为。
evaṃ jānāhi cakkhuma.
Oh seer, know this as our debate.
哦，先知，请知晓这是我们的辩论。
Te na sakkoma ñāpetuṃ,
Since neither of us was able
既然我们俩都无法
aññamaññaṃ mayaṃ ubho;
to convince the other,
说服对方，
Bhavantaṃ puṭṭhumāgamā,
we’ve come to ask you, sir,
我们来请教您，尊者，
sambuddhaṃ iti vissutaṃ.
so renowned as the awakened one.
您作为觉醒者如此闻名。
Candaṃ yathā khayātītaṃ,
As people honor with joined palms
正如人们合掌恭敬地
pecca pañjalikā janā;
the moon on the cusp of waxing,
敬拜新月，
Vandamānā namassanti,
bowing, they revere
他们鞠躬，崇敬
lokasmiṃ gotamaṃ.
Gotama in the world.
世间的乔达摩。
Cakkhuṃ loke samuppannaṃ,
We ask this of Gotama,
我们向乔达摩提问，
mayaṃ pucchāma gotamaṃ;
the eye arisen in the world:
世间之眼：
Jātiyā brāhmaṇo hoti,
is one a brahmin due to birth,
一个人是婆罗门是因为出生，
udāhu bhavati kammunā;
or else because of actions?
还是因为行为？
Ajānataṃ no pabrūhi,
We don’t know, please tell us,
我们不知道，请告诉我们，
yathā jānemu brāhmaṇan”ti.
so that we can know a brahmin.”
以便我们能认识婆罗门。”
“Tesaṃ vo ahaṃ byakkhissaṃ, (vāseṭṭhāti bhagavā)
“I shall explain to you,” said the Buddha,
“我将向你们解释，”佛陀说，
Anupubbaṃ yathātathaṃ;
“accurately and in sequence,
“准确而有条理地，
Jātivibhaṅgaṃ pāṇānaṃ,
the taxonomy of living creatures,
生物的分类，
Aññamaññāhi jātiyo.
for species are indeed diverse.
因为物种确实是多样化的。
Tiṇarukkhepi jānātha,
Know the grass and trees,
认识草木，
na cāpi paṭijānare;
though they lack self-awareness.
虽然它们没有自我意识。
Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ,
They’re defined by their birth,
它们由它们的出生来定义，
aññamaññā hi jātiyo.
for species are indeed diverse.
因为物种确实是多样化的。
Tato kīṭe paṭaṅge ca,
Next there are bugs and moths,
其次有昆虫和飞蛾，
yāva kunthakipillike;
and so on, to ants and termites.
等等，到蚂蚁和白蚁。
Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ,
They’re defined by their birth,
它们由它们的出生来定义，
aññamaññā hi jātiyo.
for species are indeed diverse.
因为物种确实是多样化的。
Catuppadepi jānātha,
Know the quadrupeds, too,
也认识四足动物，
khuddake ca mahallake;
both small and large.
无论大小。
Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ,
They’re defined by their birth,
它们由它们的出生来定义，
aññamaññā hi jātiyo.
for species are indeed diverse.
因为物种确实是多样化的。
Pādudarepi jānātha,
Know, too, the long-backed snakes,
也认识那些长背的蛇，
urage dīghapiṭṭhike;
crawling on their bellies.
它们用腹部爬行。
Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ,
They’re defined by their birth,
它们由它们的出生来定义，
aññamaññā hi jātiyo.
for species are indeed diverse.
因为物种确实是多样化的。
Tato macchepi jānātha,
Next know the fish,
其次认识鱼类，
udake vārigocare;
whose habitat is the water.
它们的栖息地是水。
Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ,
They’re defined by their birth,
它们由它们的出生来定义，
aññamaññā hi jātiyo.
for species are indeed diverse.
因为物种确实是多样化的。
Tato pakkhīpi jānātha,
Next know the birds,
其次认识鸟类，
pattayāne vihaṅgame;
flying with wings as chariots.
它们以翅膀为车飞行。
Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ tesaṃ,
They’re defined by their birth,
它们由它们的出生来定义，
aññamaññā hi jātiyo.
for species are indeed diverse.
因为物种确实是多样化的。
Yathā etāsu jātīsu,
While the differences between these species
虽然这些物种之间的差异
liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ puthu;
are defined by their birth,
是由它们的出生来定义的，
Evaṃ natthi manussesu,
the differences between humans
但人类之间的差异
liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ puthu.
are not defined by their birth.
不是由它们的出生来定义的。
Na kesehi na sīsehi,
Not by hair nor by head,
不是根据头发，也不是根据头，
na kaṇṇehi na akkhīhi;
not by ear nor by eye,
不是根据耳朵，也不是根据眼睛，
Na mukhena na nāsāya,
not by mouth nor by nose,
不是根据嘴巴，也不是根据鼻子，
na oṭṭhehi bhamūhi vā.
not by lips nor by eyebrow,
不是根据嘴唇，也不是根据眉毛，
Na gīvāya na aṃsehi,
not by shoulder nor by neck,
不是根据肩膀，也不是根据脖子，
na udarena na piṭṭhiyā;
not by belly nor by back,
不是根据肚子，也不是根据背部，
Na soṇiyā na urasā,
not by buttocks nor by breast,
不是根据臀部，也不是根据乳房，
na sambādhe na methune.
not by genitals nor by groin,
不是根据生殖器，也不是根据腹股沟，
Na hatthehi na pādehi,
not by hands nor by feet,
不是根据手，也不是根据脚，
naṅgulīhi nakhehi vā;
not by fingers nor by nails,
不是根据手指，也不是根据指甲，
Na jaṅghāhi na ūrūhi,
not by knees nor by thighs,
不是根据膝盖，也不是根据大腿，
na vaṇṇena sarena vā;
not by color nor by voice:
不是根据颜色，也不是根据声音：
Liṅgaṃ jātimayaṃ neva,
none of these are defined by birth
所有这些都不是由出生来定义的，
yathā aññāsu jātisu.
as it is for other species.
就像其他物种一样。
Paccattañca sarīresu,
In individual human bodies
在 individual human bodies
manussesvetaṃ na vijjati;
you can’t find such distinctions.
你找不到这样的区别。
Vokārañca manussesu,
The distinctions among humans
人类之间的区别
samaññāya pavuccati.
are spoken of by convention.
是由习俗来说的。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
gorakkhaṃ upajīvati;
who lives off keeping cattle:
以饲养牲畜为生的人：
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
kassako so na brāhmaṇo.
as a farmer, not a brahmin.
农夫，而不是婆罗门。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
puthusippena jīvati;
who lives off various professions:
从事各种职业的人：
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
sippiko so na brāhmaṇo.
as a professional, not a brahmin.
专业人士，而不是婆罗门。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
vohāraṃ upajīvati;
who lives off trade:
以贸易为生的人：
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
vāṇijo so na brāhmaṇo.
as a trader, not a brahmin.
商人，而不是婆罗门。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
parapessena jīvati;
who lives off serving others:
以服务他人为生的人：
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
pessako so na brāhmaṇo.
as an employee, not a brahmin.
雇员，而不是婆罗门。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
adinnaṃ upajīvati;
who lives off stealing:
以偷窃为生的人：
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
coro eso na brāhmaṇo.
as a bandit, not a brahmin.
强盗，而不是婆罗门。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
issatthaṃ upajīvati;
who lives off archery:
以射箭为生的人：
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
yodhājīvo na brāhmaṇo.
as a soldier, not a brahmin.
士兵，而不是婆罗门。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
porohiccena jīvati;
who lives off priesthood:
以神职为生的人：
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
yājako so na brāhmaṇo.
as a sacrificer, not a brahmin.
祭祀者，而不是婆罗门。
Yo hi koci manussesu,
Anyone among humans
人类中任何
gāmaṃ raṭṭhañca bhuñjati;
who taxes village and nation,
向村庄和国家征税的人，
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，要知道他们是
rājā eso na brāhmaṇo.
as a ruler, not a brahmin.
统治者，而不是婆罗门。
Na cāhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ brūmi,
I don’t call someone a brahmin
我不称一个人为婆罗门，
yonijaṃ mattisambhavaṃ;
after the mother or womb they came from.
只因其母亲或出生之胎。
Bhovādi nāma so hoti,
If they still have attachments,
如果他们仍有执着，
sace hoti sakiñcano;
they’re just someone who says ‘sir’.
他们只是一个称人“先生”的人。
Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ,
One with nothing, by not grasping:
一无所有，不执着：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Sabbasaṃyojanaṃ chetvā,
Having cut off all fetters
断除所有束缚
yo ve na paritassati;
they have no anxiety.
他们没有焦虑。
Saṅgātigaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ,
They’ve got over clinging, and are detached:
他们已克服执着，超然：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Chetvā naddhiṃ varattañca,
They’ve cut the strap and harness,
他们已斩断绳索和缰绳，
sandānaṃ sahanukkamaṃ;
the reins and bridle too,
也包括缰绳和辔头，
Ukkhittapalighaṃ buddhaṃ,
with cross-bar lifted, they’re awakened:
放下横杆，他们已觉醒：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Akkosaṃ vadhabandhañca,
Abuse, murder, abduction:
辱骂、杀戮、绑架：
aduṭṭho yo titikkhati;
they endure these without anger.
他们无怒地忍受这些。
Khantībalaṃ balānīkaṃ,
Patience is their powerful army:
忍辱是他们强大的军队：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Akkodhanaṃ vatavantaṃ,
Not angered or stuck up,
不生气也不骄傲，
sīlavantaṃ anussadaṃ;
dutiful in precepts and observances,
严守戒律和规矩，
Dantaṃ antimasārīraṃ,
tamed, bearing their final body:
调伏，拥有最后的身体：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Vāripokkharapatteva,
Like rain off a lotus leaf,
就像雨水从莲叶上滑落，
āraggeriva sāsapo;
like a mustard seed off the point of a pin,
就像芥末籽从针尖上滑落，
Yo na limpati kāmesu,
sensual pleasures slide off them:
感官享受从他们身上滑落：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yo dukkhassa pajānāti,
They understand for themselves
他们自己领悟
idheva khayamattano;
in this life the end of suffering;
此生苦的终结；
Pannabhāraṃ visaṃyuttaṃ,
with burden put down, detached:
放下重担，无执着：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Gambhīrapaññaṃ medhāviṃ,
Deep in wisdom, intelligent,
智慧深广，聪明睿智，
maggāmaggassa kovidaṃ;
expert in the variety of paths;
精通各种道路；
Uttamatthamanuppattaṃ,
arrived at the highest goal:
已达最高目标：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Asaṃsaṭṭhaṃ gahaṭṭhehi,
Socializing with neither
既不与
anāgārehi cūbhayaṃ;
householders nor the homeless.
在家众也不与无家者交往。
Anokasārimappicchaṃ,
A migrant without a shelter, few in wishes:
一个没有住所的游民，少欲：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu,
They’ve laid down the rod
他们已放下权杖，
tasesu thāvaresu ca;
against creatures firm and frail;
对弱小和坚固的众生；
Yo na hanti na ghāteti,
they don’t kill or cause to kill:
他们不杀生也不教唆杀生：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Aviruddhaṃ viruddhesu,
Not fighting among those who fight,
在战斗者中不争斗，
attadaṇḍesu nibbutaṃ;
they’re nirvana'd among those who’ve taken up arms.
在拿起武器者中涅槃。
Sādānesu anādānaṃ,
Not grasping among those who grasp:
在执着者中不执着：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yassa rāgo ca doso ca,
They’ve discarded greed and hate,
他们已舍弃贪婪和仇恨，
māno makkho ca ohito;
conceit and denigration,
自大和诽谤，
Sāsaporiva āraggā,
like a mustard seed off the point of a pin:
就像芥末籽从针尖上滑落：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Akakkasaṃ viññāpaniṃ,
The words they utter
他们说的话
giraṃ saccaṃ udīraye;
are sweet, informative, and true,
甜美、有教益、真实，
Yāya nābhisajje kiñci,
and don’t offend anyone:
而且不冒犯任何人：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yo ca dīghaṃ va rassaṃ vā,
They don’t steal anything in the world,
他们不偷世间任何东西，
aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;
long or short,
无论长短，
Loke adinnaṃ nādeti,
fine or coarse, beautiful or ugly:
无论精细粗糙，无论美丑：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Āsā yassa na vijjanti,
They have no hope
他们不抱希望
asmiṃ loke paramhi ca;
for this world or the next;
今生或来世；
Nirāsāsaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ,
free of hope, detached:
无所希望，超然：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yassālayā na vijjanti,
They have no clinging,
他们没有执着，
aññāya akathaṅkathiṃ;
knowledge has freed them of doubt,
知识已让他们摆脱疑惑，
Amatogadhaṃ anuppattaṃ,
they’ve arrived at the culmination of the deathless:
他们已达到不死之道的顶点：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yodhapuññañca pāpañca,
They’ve escaped clinging
他们已摆脱对
ubho saṅgaṃ upaccagā;
to both good and bad deeds;
善恶行为的执着；
Asokaṃ virajaṃ suddhaṃ,
sorrowless, stainless, pure:
无忧、无垢、纯净：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Candaṃ va vimalaṃ suddhaṃ,
Pure as the spotless moon,
纯洁如无瑕之月，
vippasannaṃ anāvilaṃ;
clear and undisturbed,
清澈而宁静，
Nandībhavaparikkhīṇaṃ,
they’ve ended desire to be reborn:
他们已终结再生的欲望：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yo imaṃ palipathaṃ duggaṃ,
They’ve got past this grueling swamp
他们已经度过这个艰难的
saṃsāraṃ mohamaccagā;
of delusion, transmigration.
迷惑之沼、轮回。
Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato jhāyī,
They’ve crossed over to the far shore,
他们已经渡到彼岸，
anejo akathaṅkathī;
stilled and free of doubt.
平静而无疑惑。
Anupādāya nibbuto,
They’re nirvana'd by not grasping:
他们因不执著而涅槃：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yodhakāme pahantvāna,
They’ve given up sensual stimulations,
他们已放弃感官刺激，
anāgāro paribbaje;
and have gone forth from lay life;
并已出离世俗生活；
Kāmabhavaparikkhīṇaṃ,
they’ve ended rebirth in the sensual realm:
他们已终结在感官领域的再生：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yodhataṇhaṃ pahantvāna,
They’ve given up craving,
他们已放弃贪爱，
anāgāro paribbaje;
and have gone forth from lay life;
并已出离世俗生活；
Taṇhābhavaparikkhīṇaṃ,
they’ve ended craving to be reborn:
他们已终结再生的贪爱：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Hitvā mānusakaṃ yogaṃ,
They’ve given up human bonds,
他们已放弃人间的羁绊，
dibbaṃ yogaṃ upaccagā;
and gone beyond heavenly bonds;
并已超越天界的羁绊；
Sabbayogavisaṃyuttaṃ,
detached from all attachments:
脱离所有执着：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Hitvā ratiñca aratiṃ,
They’ve given up liking and disliking,
他们已放弃喜恶，
sītībhūtaṃ nirūpadhiṃ;
they’re cooled and free of attachments;
他们已冷却且无执着；
Sabbalokābhibhuṃ vīraṃ,
a hero, master of the whole world:
一位英雄，全世界的主宰：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Cutiṃ yo vedi sattānaṃ,
They know the passing away
他们知晓所有众生的
upapattiñca sabbaso;
and rebirth of all beings;
逝去和再生；
Asattaṃ sugataṃ buddhaṃ,
unattached, holy, awakened:
无执着，圣洁，觉醒：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yassa gatiṃ na jānanti,
Gods, fairies, and humans
神、仙、人
devā gandhabbamānusā;
don’t know their destiny;
不知其命运；
Khīṇāsavaṃ arahantaṃ,
the perfected ones with defilements ended:
烦恼已尽的圆满者：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Yassa pure ca pacchā ca,
They have nothing before or after,
他们没有前世或后世，
majjhe ca natthi kiñcanaṃ;
or even in between;
甚至没有中间；
Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ,
one with nothing, by not grasping:
一无所有，因不执着：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Usabhaṃ pavaraṃ vīraṃ,
Leader of the herd, excellent hero,
群体的领袖，杰出的英雄，
mahesiṃ vijitāvinaṃ;
great hermit and victor;
大隐士和胜利者；
Anejaṃ nhātakaṃ buddhaṃ,
stilled, washed, awakened:
平静，洗净，觉醒：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Pubbenivāsaṃ yo vedi,
They know their past lives,
他们知晓自己的过去世，
saggāpāyañca passati;
and see heaven and places of loss,
并看见天堂和堕落之处，
Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto,
and have attained the end of rebirth:
并已达到再生的终结：
tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ.
that’s who I call a brahmin.
我称之为婆罗门。
Samaññā hesā lokasmiṃ,
For name and clan are assigned
因为名称和氏族被指定
nāmagottaṃ pakappitaṃ;
as mere convention in the world.
只是世俗的约定。
Sammuccā samudāgataṃ,
Arising by mutual agreement,
它们是相互约定而产生的，
tattha tattha pakappitaṃ.
they’re assigned to each individual.
被指定给每个人。
Dīgharattānusayitaṃ,
For a long time this misconception
长期以来，这种误解
diṭṭhigatamajānataṃ;
has prejudiced those who don’t understand.
一直使不理解的人产生偏见。
Ajānantā no pabrunti,
Ignorant, they declare
无知地，他们宣称
jātiyā hoti brāhmaṇo.
that one is a brahmin by birth.
一个人是婆罗门因其出生。
Na jaccā brāhmaṇo hoti,
You’re not a brahmin by birth,
你不是因出生而为婆罗门，
na jaccā hoti abrāhmaṇo;
nor by birth a non-brahmin.
也不是因出生而为非婆罗门。
Kammunā brāhmaṇo hoti,
You’re a brahmin by your deeds,
你因你的行为而为婆罗门，
kammunā hoti abrāhmaṇo.
and by deeds a non-brahmin.
因行为而为非婆罗门。
Kassako kammunā hoti,
You’re a farmer by your deeds,
你因你的行为而为农夫，
sippiko hoti kammunā;
by deeds you’re a professional;
因行为而为专业人士；
Vāṇijo kammunā hoti,
you’re a trader by your deeds,
你因你的行为而为商人，
pessako hoti kammunā.
by deeds are you an employee;
因行为而为雇员；
Coropi kammunā hoti,
you’re a bandit by your deeds,
你因你的行为而为强盗，
yodhājīvopi kammunā;
by deeds you’re a soldier;
因行为而为士兵；
Yājako kammunā hoti,
you’re a sacrificer by your deeds,
你因你的行为而为祭司，
rājāpi hoti kammunā.
by deeds you’re a ruler.
因行为而为统治者。
Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ,
In this way in accord with truth,
就这样，符合真理地，
kammaṃ passanti paṇḍitā;
the astute regard deeds.
明智者看待行为。
Paṭiccasamuppādadassā,
Seeing dependent origination,
看见缘起，
kammavipākakovidā.
they’re expert in deeds and their results.
他们精通行为及其结果。
Kammunā vattati loko,
Deeds make the world go on,
行为使世界运转，
kammunā vattati pajā;
deeds make people go on;
行为使人们运转；
Kammanibandhanā sattā,
sentient beings are bound by deeds,
有情众生被行为束缚，
rathassāṇīva yāyato.
like a moving chariot’s linchpin.
就像移动战车的轴心。
Tapena brahmacariyena,
By austerity and spiritual practice,
通过苦行和精神实践，
saṃyamena damena ca;
by restraint and by taming:
通过克制和调伏：
Etena brāhmaṇo hoti,
that’s how to become a brahmin,
这就是如何成为婆罗门，
etaṃ brāhmaṇamuttamaṃ.
this is the supreme brahmin.
这是最高的婆罗门。
Tīhi vijjāhi sampanno,
Accomplished in the three knowledges,
精通三明，
santo khīṇapunabbhavo;
peaceful, with rebirth ended,
平静，再生已尽，
Evaṃ vāseṭṭha jānāhi,
know them, Vāseṭṭha,
瓦塞塔，知晓他们是
brahmā sakko vijānatan”ti.
as Brahmā and Sakka to the wise.”
智者之梵天和释迦。
end of section [(verse)] ❧
Evaṃ vutte, vāseṭṭhabhāradvājā māṇavā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ:
When he had spoken, Vāseṭṭha and Bhāradvāja said to him:
他说完后，瓦塞塔和巴拉德瓦贾对他说：
“abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama.
“Excellent, Master Gotama! Excellent!
“太好了，乔达摩大师！太好了！
Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito.
As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with good eyes can see what’s there, Master Gotama has made the teaching clear in many ways.
就像他扶正了倾覆的，揭示了隐藏的，指明了迷失者的道路，或者在黑暗中点亮了一盏灯，让好眼力的人能看到那里有什么，乔达摩大师以多种方式阐明了教法。
Ete mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca.
We go for refuge to Master Gotama, to the teaching, and to the monk Saṅgha.
我们皈依乔达摩大师，皈依教法，皈依比丘僧伽。
Upāsake no bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gate”ti.
From this day forth, may Master Gotama remember us as lay followers who have gone for refuge for life.”
从今天起，愿乔达摩大师记住我们是终生皈依的在家弟子。”
