Samādhi Integration: How all the pieces fit together

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ekodi-bhava = unification

ekagga = one-placed-ness, not scattered in many places

iddhi-pada = power-base, the 4ip describe how the 4 aspects of right effort are used to purify 4th jhana, develop perception of light and make 4th jhana ready to easily access 6ab.

jhāna = meditation. Can be used in many general ways, inseparable from 4sp, and negative connotations, so shouldn't be seen as a exalted perfected 4th jhana. Why “meditation” instead of “absorption”? Absorption has a sense of depth and unordinary state, but since “first”, second, etc. serve as qualifiers for 4j to show they follow a specific definition.

nij-jhāna = usually translated as a type of thinking/contemplation, but shares the same root as jhāna.

passaddhi = pacification. Could they have common indo-euro roots?

samadhi = undistractable-lucidity

samatha = stillness, serenity. All start with letter 'S', so easier to remember.

samma samadhi = righteous undistractable-lucidity

sati'-patthana = mindful establishment. S&S (sati & sampajano) are like peanut butter and jelly. When you see them together, sati of S&S is a proxy for 4sp, and sampajano is a proxy for discerment, wisdom faculty, right view, dhamma-vicaya bojjhanga, vimamsa iddhi pada.

sati & sampajano = mindfulness and clear-comprehension

viriya = vigor, vitality, virility

upekkha = equanimous-observation

vitakka = directed-thought

vicara = evaluation

How many factors are in Jhāna?

samma samadhi has 7 factors (7sb), or 8 factors (8aam). 5 factors is not EBT, and worse than worthless as a teaching.

Jhāna is a general purpose word for meditation

Just as we should think of samatha and vipassana as qualities and attributes of samādhi, 1st jhana, 2nd jhana,... 4th jhana, should also be thought of an attribute, quality level/grades of samādhi.

manasi karoti = paying attention, has a connotation of ekagga and samadhi as well

jhāna = untranslated jhāna, or “meditation”

	The best English translation for Jhāna is "meditation". By best, I mean it will fit every context the word is used in the EBT. Ven. T (Thanissasaro) leaves jhāna untranslated most of the time, and sometimes uses "absorption". B.Bodhi also leaves jhāna untranslated most of the time, and when jhāna is not in a context of sammā samādhi, he often translates it as "meditation".

	advantages of leaving "jhāna" untranslated
	1. it implies a mystical air that signifies something much deeper beyond ordinary discursive thinking meditation.

	disadvantage of leaving "jhāna" untranslated
	1. it implies a mystical air that signifies something much deeper beyond ordinary discursive thinking meditation.

	For higher samādhi attainments, 4th, 3rd, even 2nd jhāna, this is not problematic, but for first jhāna, due to the pernicious influence of VRJ (vism. redefinition of Jhāna), people have trouble wrapping their head around the idea that first jhāna is fairly easily attainable and not so far away from an ordinary person's samādhi.

	If you look at examples where jhāna is used in a context not associated with 8aam and samma samadhi, it becomes clear why "meditation" works very well


	MN 36 austerity of holding the breath “jhāna”
	wrong jhāna, paj-jhāyanti nij-jhāyanti avaj-jhāyanti
	AN 6.46 dhamma teachers disparaging meditation experts
	AN 11.9 simile of horse who only thinks about eating
	MN 108 praisworthy jhāna and un-worthy
	MN 50 insult monk’s jhāna by comparing to animals hunting

	an animal hunting for food is certainly using all the samadhi at their disposal, "absorbed" or doing "jhāna" meditation with a singular unified mind, undistractable. If not, they starve.

	There is also nij-jhāna used in a positive way, in these passages.
	view (based on) jhāna insight

	AN 3.65 takka, vitakka, ākāra-pari-vitakkena
	AN 3.66, AN 4.193 has same passage
	MN 95
	MN 101, same as MN 95's 5 types
	MN 102 same as MN 95's 5 types
	SN 12.68
	SN 35.136
	MN 70, dhamma-nij-jhāna leads to arahantship

	for the animal hunting with "jhana", "absorption" would be a better fit. But when nij-jhana is used in a positive way for awakening, its proximity to takketi, thinking, reasoned cogitation, absorption maybe sounds too much like a 4th jhana rather than something closer to a thinking type of meditation.

	So "meditation" works across those 3 classes of usage .First, second, third, fourth "meditation", those 4 prefixes refer to specific standard four jhana definitions that separate them from thinking meditation (aside from first jhana).

	And in the earliest of the EBT, like in the Sutta Nipata, Udana, ittivuttaka, four jhānas are never mentioned, just unqualified "jhāna", such as noble ones being constantly in jhana, or disciples are practice samadhi in all 4 postures, disciples who are in jhana while walking on almsround. Udana #1, 2, 3, Buddha is a jhana-meditator jhayato brahmanassa, right after nirvana, contemplating the 12ps.

	samadhi means making the mind singular (ekagga citta), bringing the mind to undistractable lucidity.

	samadhi = undistractable-lucidity
	samma samadhi = righteous undistractable-lucidity, which sees dukkha as it truly is, leading to the righteous destruction of suffering.

	four jhanas are a quality assurance test, four quality standards of meditation, to make sure samadhi is up to snuff, powerful enough to get the job done, for arahantship.

	doing jhana, one is also doing samadhi.
	doing samadhi, one is also doing jhana.
	samadhi bhavana is development/cultivation of samadhi.

	samadaham cittam (verb form of samadhi) = making the mind undistractable and lucid.

samādhi = undistractable lucidity

	samadhi means making the mind singular (ekagga citta), bringing the mind to undistractable lucidity.

	samadhi = undistractable-lucidity
	samma samadhi = righteous undistractable-lucidity, which sees dukkha as it truly is, leading to the righteous destruction of suffering.

	four jhanas are a quality assurance test, four quality standards of meditation, to make sure samadhi is up to snuff, powerful enough to get the job done, for arahantship.

	doing jhana, one is also doing samadhi.
	doing samadhi, one is also doing jhana.
	samadhi bhavana is development/cultivation of samadhi.

	samadaham cittam (verb form of samadhi) = making the mind undistractable and lucid.


	samadhi = undistractable-lucidity
	samma samadhi = righteous undistractable-lucidity, which sees dukkha as
	samahita (adj. of samadhi) = undistactably lucid (in 4th jhana context especially), or lucidly-undistractable (first, 2nd jhana).
	samadaham (verb form of samadhi) = undistractify & lucidify.

	step 13 of 16 APS: samadaham cittam, assassissami pajanati. I will breathe in undistractifying and lucidifying the mind. or alternatively,
	I will breathe in making the mind undistractable and lucid.

	if samadhi were "stillness", then a dead tree with withered roots and the cold body of a dead woman buried under that would be the king and queen of samadhi.

	samatha is "stillness", and stillness is a nutriment, an aspect, an important component of undistractable lucidity. stillness is not equal to samadhi. Stillness is an important ingredient, but the primary directive of samadhi is for the realization of nibbana. The indispensaable feature of samadhi is undistractable lucidity.

	undistractable lucidity captures some of the elements of the other partners in the samadhi khandha, right effort and right mindfulness, mindfulness and clear comprehension. Lucidity alludes to S&S, as well as right view, and clear-seeing (vi-passana).

happy factors (pīti, sukha, sāta, pāmojja, mudita, etc.)

	mudita (past participle of modati): glad; satisfied. (adj.)

	Modati [mud, cp. Vedic moda joy Dhtp 146: tose] to rejoice, to enjoy oneself, to be happy A iii.40; Sn 561 Pv i.54; ii.121. -- pp. mudita (q. v.). For mohayamāna at DhA i.275 the better reading is modayamāna rejoicing, a ppr. med.

	mirth
	Noun: mirth
	\|murth\|
	Great merriment
	=
	glee, gleefulness, hilarity, mirthfulness
	~
	gaiety, gayety, merriment
	Derived
	Adjective: mirthful, mirthless
	See also
	express mirth

	pāmojja: delight; joy; happiness. (nt.)

	Pāmojja=pāmujja [Cp. BSk. prāmodya Divy 13, 82, 239] D ii.214; iii.288; M i.37, 98; S i.203; ii.30 v.157; Dh 376, 381; Ps i.177; Dhs 9, 86; Miln 84 Vism 2, 107, 177 (T. pa˚); DhA iv.111 (˚bahula).

Table of Contents

Samādhi Integration: How all the pieces fit together

jhāna = untranslated jhāna, or “meditation”

samādhi = undistractable lucidity

happy factors (pīti, sukha, sāta, pāmojja, mudita, etc.)

Misc.

Misc.
	https://discourse.suttacentral.net/t/list-of-word-translations-pali-english-exclusive-one-to-one-correspondence/10104