| Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasutta |
The Analysis of Offerings to the Teacher |
《供养师长分析》 |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
如是我闻。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Sakyans, near Kapilavatthu in the Banyan Tree Monastery. |
一时，佛陀住在释迦国，迦毗罗卫城附近的榕树林精舍。 |
| Atha kho mahāpajāpati gotamī navaṃ dussayugaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
Then Mahāpajāpati Gotamī approached the Buddha bringing a new pair of garments. She bowed, sat down to one side, and said to the Buddha: |
于是摩诃波阇波提乔达弥带着一套新衣来到佛陀面前。她顶礼后，坐在一旁，对佛陀说： |
| “idaṃ me, bhante, navaṃ dussayugaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa sāmaṃ kantaṃ sāmaṃ vāyitaṃ. |
“Sir, I have spun and woven this new pair of garments specially for the Buddha. |
“世尊，我特意为佛陀纺织了这套新衣。 |
| Taṃ me, bhante, bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. |
May the Buddha please accept this from me out of compassion.” |
愿佛陀慈悲接受我这份供养。” |
| Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca: |
When she said this, the Buddha said to her: |
她说此言时，佛陀对她说： |
| “saṃghe, gotami, dehi. |
“Give it to the Saṅgha, Gotamī. |
“把它供养给僧伽吧，乔达弥。 |
| Saṃghe te dinne ahañceva pūjito bhavissāmi saṃgho cā”ti. |
When you give to the Saṅgha, both the Saṅgha and I will be honored.” |
当你供养给僧伽时，僧伽和我都会受到尊重。” |
| Tatiyampi kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
For a third time, Mahāpajāpatī Gotamī said to the Buddha: |
第三次，摩诃波阇波提乔达弥对佛陀说： |
| “idaṃ me, bhante, navaṃ dussayugaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa sāmaṃ kantaṃ sāmaṃ vāyitaṃ. |
“Sir, I have spun and woven this new pair of garments specially for the Buddha. |
“世尊，我特意为佛陀纺织了这套新衣。 |
| Taṃ me, bhante, bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā”ti. |
May the Buddha please accept this from me out of compassion.” |
愿佛陀慈悲接受我这份供养。” |
| Tatiyampi kho bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca: |
And for a third time, the Buddha said to her: |
第三次，佛陀对她说： |
| “saṅghe, gotami, dehi. |
“Give it to the Saṅgha, Gotamī. |
“把它供养给僧伽吧，乔达弥。 |
| Saṅghe te dinne ahañceva pūjito bhavissāmi saṅgho cā”ti. |
When you give to the Saṅgha, both the Saṅgha and I will be honored.” |
当你供养给僧伽时，僧伽和我都会受到尊重。” |
| Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
When he said this, Venerable Ānanda said to the Buddha: |
他这样说时，尊者阿难对佛陀说： |
| “paṭiggaṇhātu, bhante, bhagavā mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā navaṃ dussayugaṃ. |
“Sir, please accept the new pair of garments from Mahāpajāpati Gotamī. |
“世尊，请接受摩诃波阇波提乔达弥的新衣。 |
| Bahūpakārā, bhante, mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavato mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā; |
Sir, Mahāpajāpatī was very helpful to the Buddha. As his aunt, she raised him, nurtured him, and gave him her milk. |
世尊，摩诃波阇波提对佛陀帮助很大。作为佛陀的姨母，她养育他，滋养他，并给他哺乳。 |
| bhagavantaṃ janettiyā kālaṅkatāya thaññaṃ pāyesi. |
When the Buddha’s birth mother passed away, she nurtured him at her own breast. |
当佛陀的生母去世后，她用自己的乳汁养育他。 |
| Bhagavāpi, bhante, bahūpakāro mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā. |
And the Buddha has been very helpful to Mahāpajāpatī. |
佛陀对摩诃波阇波提的帮助也很大。 |
| Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, saṃghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā. |
It is owing to the Buddha that Mahāpajāpatī has gone for refuge to the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha. |
正是因为佛陀，摩诃波阇波提才皈依了佛、法、僧。 |
| Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā. |
It’s owing to the Buddha that she refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, committing sexual misconduct, lying, and taking alcoholic drinks that cause negligence. |
正是因为佛陀，她才戒除了杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语以及导致放逸的酒类。 |
| Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā, dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgatā, saṃghe aveccappasādena samannāgatā ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgatā. |
It’s owing to the Buddha that she has experiential confidence in the Buddha, the teaching, and the Saṅgha, and has the ethics loved by the noble ones. |
正是因为佛陀，她才对佛、法、僧有亲身体验的信心，并拥有圣者所喜爱的戒律。 |
| Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī dukkhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkhā. |
It’s owing to the Buddha that she is free of doubt regarding suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the practice that leads to its cessation. |
正是因为佛陀，她才对苦、苦的起源、苦的止息以及导向苦止息的修行道没有疑惑。 |
| Bhagavāpi, bhante, bahūpakāro mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā”ti. |
The Buddha has been very helpful to Mahāpajāpatī.” |
佛陀对摩诃波阇波提帮助很大。” |
| “Evametaṃ, ānanda. |
“That’s so true, Ānanda. |
“确实如此，阿难。 |
| Yaṃ hānanda, puggalo puggalaṃ āgamma buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, imassānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ— |
When someone has enabled you to go for refuge, it’s not easy to repay them |
当有人使你得以皈依时，要报答他们并不容易， |
| abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammacīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena. |
by bowing down to them, rising up for them, greeting them with joined palms, and observing proper etiquette for them; or by providing them with robes, alms-food, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. |
无论是通过向他们顶礼、为他们起身、合掌致敬、遵守适当的礼仪；或是为他们提供袈裟、食物、住所、以及病人的药品和用品。 |
| Yaṃ hānanda, puggalo puggalaṃ āgamma dukkhe nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkho hoti, imassānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ— |
When someone has enabled you to be free of doubt regarding suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the practice that leads to its cessation, it’s not easy to repay them |
当有人使你得以对苦、苦的起源、苦的止息以及导向苦止息的修行道没有疑惑时，要报答他们并不容易， |
| abhivādanapaccuṭṭhānaañjalikammasāmīcikammacīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena. |
by bowing down to them, rising up for them, greeting them with joined palms, and observing proper etiquette for them; or by providing them with robes, alms-food, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. |
无论是通过向他们顶礼、为他们起身、合掌致敬、遵守适当的礼仪；或是为他们提供袈裟、食物、住所、以及病人的药品和用品。 |
| Cuddasa kho panimānanda, pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
Ānanda, there are these fourteen personal offerings to a teacher. |
阿难，有这十四种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Katamā cuddasa? |
What fourteen? |
哪十四种？ |
| Tathāgate arahante sammāsambuddhe dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to the Realized One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha. |
供养给如来、应供、正等正觉的佛陀。 |
| ayaṃ paṭhamā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the first personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第一种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Paccekasambuddhe dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a Buddha awakened for themselves. |
供养给独觉佛。 |
| ayaṃ dutiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the second personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第二种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Tathāgatasāvake arahante dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a perfected one. |
供养给阿罗汉。 |
| ayaṃ tatiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the third personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第三种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a someone practicing to realize the fruit of perfection. |
供养给正在修习以证得阿罗汉果位的人。 |
| ayaṃ catutthī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the fourth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第四种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Anāgāmissa dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a non-returner. |
供养给不还者。 |
| ayaṃ pañcamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the fifth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第五种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a someone practicing to realize the fruit of non-return. |
供养给正在修习以证得不还果位的人。 |
| ayaṃ chaṭṭhī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the sixth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第六种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Sakadāgāmissa dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a once-returner. |
供养给一来者。 |
| ayaṃ sattamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the seventh personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第七种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a someone practicing to realize the fruit of once-return. |
供养给正在修习以证得一来果位的人。 |
| ayaṃ aṭṭhamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the eighth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第八种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Sotāpanne dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a stream-enterer. |
供养给入流者。 |
| ayaṃ navamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the ninth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第九种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to a someone practicing to realize the fruit of stream-entry. |
供养给正在修习以证得入流果位的人。 |
| ayaṃ dasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the tenth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第十种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to someone outside of Buddhism who is free of sensual desire. |
供养给佛教之外、没有感官欲望的人。 |
| ayaṃ ekādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the eleventh personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第十一种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Puthujjanasīlavante dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to an ordinary person who has good ethical conduct. |
供养给具有良好道德行为的普通人。 |
| ayaṃ dvādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the twelfth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第十二种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Puthujjanadussīle dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to an ordinary person who has bad ethical conduct. |
供养给具有不良道德行为的普通人。 |
| ayaṃ terasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the thirteenth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第十三种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Tiracchānagate dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to an animal. |
供养给动物。 |
| ayaṃ cuddasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇāti. |
This is the fourteenth personal teacher’s offering. |
这是第十四种对师长的个人供养。 |
| Tatrānanda, tiracchānagate dānaṃ datvā sataguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, puthujjanadussīle dānaṃ datvā sahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, puthujjanasīlavante dānaṃ datvā satasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṃ datvā koṭisatasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ datvā asaṅkheyyā appameyyā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, ko pana vādo sotāpanne, ko pana vādo sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne, ko pana vādo sakadāgāmissa, ko pana vādo anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne, ko pana vādo anāgāmissa, ko pana vādo arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne, ko pana vādo arahante, ko pana vādo paccekasambuddhe, ko pana vādo tathāgate arahante sammāsambuddhe. |
Now, Ānanda, gifts to the following persons may be expected to yield the following returns. To an animal, a hundred times. To an unethical ordinary person, a thousand. To an ethical ordinary person, a hundred thousand. To an outsider free of sensual desire, 10,000,000,000. But a gift to someone practicing to realize the fruit of stream-entry may be expected to yield incalculable, immeasurable returns. How much more so a gift to a stream-enterer, someone practicing to realize the fruit of once-return, a once-returner, someone practicing to realize the fruit of non-return, a non-returner, someone practicing to realize the fruit of perfection, a perfected one, or a Buddha awakened for themselves? How much more so a Realized One, a perfected one, a fully awakened Buddha? |
现在，阿难，对以下个人的供养，可望获得如下回报。对动物，百倍。对无道德的普通人，千倍。对有道德的普通人，十万倍。对没有感官欲望的外道，百亿倍。但对正在修习以证得入流果位的人的供养，可望获得不可估量、不可测量的回报。更何况是对入流者、正在修习以证得一来果位的人、一来者、正在修习以证得不还果位的人、不还者、正在修习以证得阿罗汉果位的人、阿罗汉，或独觉佛的供养呢？更何况是对如来、应供、正等正觉的佛陀的供养呢？ |
| Satta kho panimānanda, saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
But there are, Ānanda, seven teacher’s offerings bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
然而，阿难，有七种供养是施予僧伽的。 |
| Katamā satta? |
What seven? |
哪七种？ |
| Buddhappamukhe ubhatosaṅghe dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to the Saṅgha of both monks and nuns headed by the Buddha. |
供养给由佛陀领导的比丘僧和比丘尼僧组成的僧伽。 |
| ayaṃ paṭhamā saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the first teacher’s offering bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
这是第一种施予僧伽的供养。 |
| Tathāgate parinibbute ubhatosaṅghe dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to the Saṅgha of both monks and nuns after the Buddha has finally become nirvana'd. |
佛陀最终涅槃后，供养给比丘僧和比丘尼僧组成的僧伽。 |
| ayaṃ dutiyā saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the second teacher’s offering bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
这是第二种施予僧伽的供养。 |
| Bhikkhusaṅghe dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to the Saṅgha of monks. |
供养给比丘僧伽。 |
| ayaṃ tatiyā saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the third teacher’s offering bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
这是第三种施予僧伽的供养。 |
| Bhikkhunisaṅghe dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift to the Saṅgha of nuns. |
供养给比丘尼僧伽。 |
| ayaṃ catutthī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the fourth teacher’s offering bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
这是第四种施予僧伽的供养。 |
| ‘Ettakā me bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca saṅghato uddissathā’ti dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift, thinking: ‘Appoint this many monks and nuns for me from the Saṅgha.’ |
供养时心想：‘请僧伽为我指派这么多比丘和比丘尼。’ |
| ayaṃ pañcamī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the fifth teacher’s offering bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
这是第五种施予僧伽的供养。 |
| ‘Ettakā me bhikkhū saṅghato uddissathā’ti dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift, thinking: ‘Appoint this many monks for me from the Saṅgha.’ |
供养时心想：‘请僧伽为我指派这么多比丘。’ |
| ayaṃ chaṭṭhī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the sixth teacher’s offering bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
这是第六种施予僧伽的供养。 |
| ‘Ettakā me bhikkhuniyo saṅghato uddissathā’ti dānaṃ deti— |
One gives a gift, thinking: ‘Appoint this many nuns for me from the Saṅgha.’ |
供养时心想：‘请僧伽为我指派这么多比丘尼。’ |
| ayaṃ sattamī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. |
This is the seventh teacher’s offering bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
这是第七种施予僧伽的供养。 |
| Bhavissanti kho panānanda, anāgatamaddhānaṃ gotrabhuno kāsāvakaṇṭhā dussīlā pāpadhammā. |
In times to come there will be members of the spiritual family merely by virtue of wearing ocher cloth around their necks; but they are unethical and of bad character. |
未来，将会有一些仅凭穿着袈裟而成为僧团成员的人；但他们不道德，品行恶劣。 |
| Tesu dussīlesu saṅghaṃ uddissa dānaṃ dassanti. |
People will give gifts to those unethical people in the name of the Saṅgha. |
人们将以僧伽的名义向那些不道德的人供养。 |
| Tadāpāhaṃ, ānanda, saṅghagataṃ dakkhiṇaṃ asaṅkheyyaṃ appameyyaṃ vadāmi. |
Even then, I say, a teacher’s offering bestowed on the Saṅgha is incalculable and immeasurable. |
即便如此，我说，施予僧伽的供养是不可估量、不可测量的。 |
| Na tvevāhaṃ, ānanda, kenaci pariyāyena saṅghagatāya dakkhiṇāya pāṭipuggalikaṃ dānaṃ mahapphalataraṃ vadāmi. |
But I say that there is no way a personal offering can be more fruitful than one bestowed on a Saṅgha. |
但我说，个人供养的回报，绝不能胜过施予僧伽的供养。 |
| Catasso kho imā, ānanda, dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo. |
Ānanda, there are these four ways of purifying an offering to a teacher. |
阿难，有这四种清净师长供养的方式。 |
| Katamā catasso? |
What four? |
哪四种？ |
| Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato. |
There’s an offering to a teacher that’s purified by the giver, not the recipient. |
有一种师长供养由施予者清净，而非受施者清净。 |
| Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato. |
There’s an offering to a teacher that’s purified by the recipient, not the giver. |
有一种师长供养由受施者清净，而非施予者清净。 |
| Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato. |
There’s an offering to a teacher that’s purified by neither the giver nor the recipient. |
有一种师长供养既非由施予者清净，亦非由受施者清净。 |
| Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca. |
There’s an offering to a teacher that’s purified by both the giver and the recipient. |
有一种师长供养由施予者和受施者两者共同清净。 |
