|
(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
我曾这样听说。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. |
有一次，佛陀住在舍卫城附近的祇树林给孤独园。 |
| Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: |
There the Buddha addressed the monks: |
在那里，佛陀对比丘们说： |
| “bhikkhavo”ti. |
“monks!” |
“比丘们！” |
| “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. |
“Venerable sir,” they replied. |
“尊者，”他们回答道。 |
| Bhagavā etadavoca: |
The Buddha said this: |
佛陀这样说： |
| “Ekādasahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako abhabbo gogaṇaṃ pariharituṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. |
“monks, a cowherd with eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle. |
“比丘们，一个具有十一个因素的牧牛人，无法维持和扩大牛群。 |
| Katamehi ekādasahi? |
What eleven? |
哪十一个？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, gopālako na rūpaññū hoti, na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, na āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti, na vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti, na dhūmaṃ kattā hoti, na titthaṃ jānāti, na pītaṃ jānāti, na vīthiṃ jānāti, na gocarakusalo hoti anavasesadohī ca hoti. Ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti. |
It’s when a cowherd doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t smoke out pests, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know when they’re satisfied, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in pastures, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and leaders of the herd. |
是当一个牧牛人不知道形态，不擅长特征，不挑出苍蝇卵，不处理伤口，不熏走害虫，不知道渡口，不知道它们何时吃饱，不知道小径，不擅长牧场，挤奶挤得干干净净，对那些作为牛群父亲和首领的公牛不给予额外尊重。 |
| Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako abhabbo gogaṇaṃ pariharituṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. |
A cowherd with these eleven factors can’t maintain and expand a herd of cattle. |
一个具有这十一个因素的牧牛人，无法维持和扩大牛群。 |
| Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu abhabbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjituṃ. |
In the same way, a monk with eleven dharmas can’t achieve growth, improvement, or maturity in this Dharma and training. |
同样地，一个具有十一种法的比丘，无法在此佛法和训练中取得成长、进步或成熟。 |
| Katamehi ekādasahi? |
What eleven? |
哪十一种？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti, na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, na āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti, na vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti, na dhūmaṃ kattā hoti, na titthaṃ jānāti, na pītaṃ jānāti, na vīthiṃ jānāti, na gocarakusalo hoti, anavasesadohī ca hoti. Ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṃghapitaro saṃghapariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti. |
It’s when a monk doesn’t know form, is unskilled in characteristics, doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs, doesn’t dress wounds, doesn’t smoke out pests, doesn’t know the ford, doesn’t know satisfaction, doesn’t know the trail, is not skilled in pastures, milks dry, and doesn’t show extra respect to senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha. |
是当一个比丘不知道形态，不擅长特征，不挑出苍蝇卵，不处理伤口，不熏走害虫，不知道渡口，不知道满足，不知道小径，不擅长牧场，挤奶挤得干干净净，对那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘不给予额外尊重。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti? |
And how does a monk not know form? |
那么，比丘如何不知道形态呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ sabbaṃ rūpaṃ ‘cattāri mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāyarūpan’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. |
It’s when a monk doesn’t truly understand that all form is the four primary elements, or form derived from the four primary elements. |
是当一个比丘不真正了解所有形态都是四大元素，或是四大元素所衍生的形态。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na rūpaññū hoti. (1) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t know form. |
比丘就是这样不知道形态的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti? |
And how is a monk not skilled in characteristics? |
那么，比丘如何不擅长特征呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘kammalakkhaṇo bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍito’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. |
It’s when a monk doesn’t understand that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds. |
是当一个比丘不了解愚者的特征在于他们的行为，而智者的特征也在于他们的行为。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na lakkhaṇakusalo hoti. (2) |
That’s how a monk isn’t skilled in characteristics. |
比丘就是这样不擅长特征的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti? |
And how does a monk not pick out flies’ eggs? |
那么，比丘如何不挑出苍蝇卵呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ adhivāseti, nappajahati na vinodeti na byantī karoti na anabhāvaṃ gameti. Uppannaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ … pe … uppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ … pe … uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme adhivāseti, nappajahati na vinodeti na byantī karoti na anabhāvaṃ gameti. |
It’s when a monk tolerates a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that’s arisen. They tolerate any bad, unskillful Dharmas that have arisen. They don’t give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. |
是当一个比丘容忍已经生起的感官、恶意或残忍的念头。他们容忍任何已经生起的坏的、不善的法。他们不放弃、不摆脱、不消除、不彻底根除它们。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti. (3) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t pick out flies’ eggs. |
比丘就是这样不挑出苍蝇卵的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti? |
And how does a monk not dress wounds? |
那么，比丘如何不处理伤口呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī. |
When a monk sees a sight with their eyes, they get caught up in the features and details. |
当比丘用眼睛看到景象时，他们会被特征和细节所吸引。 |
| Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya na paṭipajjati, na rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye na saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. |
Since the faculty of sight is left unrestrained, bad unskillful Dharmas of desire and aversion become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of sight, and they don’t achieve its restraint. |
由于视觉器官没有得到控制，贪欲和嗔恨的不善法变得势不可挡。他们不实行节制，不保护视觉器官，也无法实现其节制。 |
| Sotena saddaṃ sutvā … pe … |
When they hear a sound with their ears … |
当他们用耳朵听到声音时…… |
| ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā … pe … |
smell an odor with their nose … |
用鼻子闻到气味时…… |
| jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā … pe … |
taste a flavor with their tongue … |
用舌头尝到味道时…… |
| kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā … pe … |
feel a touch with their body … |
用身体感受到触觉时…… |
| manasā dhammaṃ viññāya nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī. |
know a thought with their mind, they get caught up in the features and details. |
用心知道念头时，他们会被特征和细节所吸引。 |
| Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya na paṭipajjati, na rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye na saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. |
Since the faculty of the mind is left unrestrained, bad unskillful Dharmas of desire and aversion become overwhelming. They don’t practice restraint, they don’t protect the faculty of the mind, and they don’t achieve its restraint. |
由于意根没有得到控制，贪欲和嗔恨的不善法变得势不可挡。他们不实行节制，不保护意根，也无法实现其节制。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti. (4) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t dress wounds. |
比丘就是这样不处理伤口的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na dhūmaṃ kattā hoti? |
And how does a monk not smoke out pests? |
那么，比丘如何不熏走害虫呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ na vitthārena paresaṃ desetā hoti. |
It’s when a monk doesn’t teach others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it. |
是当一个比丘不详细地教导他人他所学习和记住的佛法。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na dhūmaṃ kattā hoti. (5) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t smoke out pests. |
比丘就是这样不熏走害虫的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na titthaṃ jānāti? |
And how does a monk not know the ford? |
那么，比丘如何不知道渡口呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā, te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā na paripucchati, na paripañhati: |
It’s when a monk doesn’t from time to time go up to those monks who are very learned—knowledgeable in the scriptures, who have memorized the Dharmas, the Vinaya, and the outlines—and ask them questions: |
是当一个比丘不时常去拜访那些博学多闻的比丘——精通经典，背诵佛法、律藏和大纲的人——并向他们提问： |
| ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ? |
‘Why, sir, does it say this? |
“先生，为什么这样说？ |
| Imassa ko attho’ti? |
What does that mean?’ |
那是什么意思？” |
| Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva na vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca na uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhānīyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ na paṭivinodenti. |
Those venerables don’t clarify what is unclear, reveal what is obscure, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters. |
那些尊者不澄清不清楚的地方，不揭示模糊的地方，也不消除许多可疑事项的疑虑。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na titthaṃ jānāti. (6) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t know the ford. |
比丘就是这样不知道渡口的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na pītaṃ jānāti? |
And how does a monk not know satisfaction? |
那么，比丘如何不知道满足呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne na labhati atthavedaṃ, na labhati dhammavedaṃ, na labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ. |
It’s when a monk, when The Dharma and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds no joy in the meaning and The Dharma, and finds no joy connected with The Dharma. |
是当一个比丘，在宣说如来所宣讲的佛法和训练时，在意义和佛法中找不到喜悦，也找不到与佛法相关的喜悦。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na pītaṃ jānāti. (7) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t know satisfaction. |
比丘就是这样不知道满足的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vīthiṃ jānāti? |
And how does a monk not know the trail? |
那么，比丘如何不知道小径呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. |
It’s when a monk doesn’t truly understand the noble eightfold path. |
是当一个比丘不真正了解八圣道。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na vīthiṃ jānāti. (8) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t know the trail. |
比丘就是这样不知道小径的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gocarakusalo hoti? |
And how is a monk not skilled in pastures? |
那么，比丘如何不擅长牧场呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. |
It’s when a monk doesn’t truly understand the four kinds of rememberfulness meditation. |
是当一个比丘不真正了解四种念住禅修。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gocarakusalo hoti. (9) |
That’s how a monk is not skilled in pastures. |
比丘就是这样不擅长牧场的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anavasesadohī hoti? |
And how does a monk milk dry? |
那么，比丘如何挤奶挤得干干净净呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ saddhā gahapatikā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavārenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi, tatra bhikkhu mattaṃ na jānāti paṭiggahaṇāya. |
It’s when a monk is invited by a householder to accept robes, alms-food, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick, and that monk doesn’t know moderation in accepting. |
是当一个比丘被在家居士邀请接受袈裟、食物、住所和生病所需的药物和用品时，而这个比丘在接受时不知道节制。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anavasesadohī hoti. (10) |
That’s how a monk milks dry. |
比丘就是这样挤奶挤得干干净净的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti? |
And how does a monk not show extra respect to senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha? |
那么，比丘如何不额外尊重那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, tesu na mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca; |
It’s when a monk doesn’t consistently treat senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private. |
是当一个比丘在公开和私下，都不始终如一地以身、语、意对待那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘。 |
| na mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca; |
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| na mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca. |
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| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te na atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti. (11) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t show extra respect to senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha. |
比丘就是这样不额外尊重那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘的。 |
| Ekādasahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako bhabbo gogaṇaṃ pariharituṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. |
A cowherd with eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle. |
一个具有十一个因素的牧牛人，可以维持和扩大牛群。 |
| Katamehi ekādasahi? |
What eleven? |
哪十一个？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, gopālako rūpaññū hoti, lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti, vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti, dhūmaṃ kattā hoti, titthaṃ jānāti, pītaṃ jānāti, vīthiṃ jānāti, gocarakusalo hoti, sāvasesadohī ca hoti. Ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti. |
It’s when a cowherd knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, smokes out pests, knows the ford, knows when they’re satisfied, knows the trail, is skilled in pastures, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to the bulls who are fathers and leaders of the herd. |
是当一个牧牛人知道形态，擅长特征，挑出苍蝇卵，处理伤口，熏走害虫，知道渡口，知道它们何时吃饱，知道小径，擅长牧场，不挤奶挤得干干净净，并额外尊重那些作为牛群父亲和首领的公牛。 |
| Imehi kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi aṅgehi samannāgato gopālako bhabbo gogaṇaṃ pariharituṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. |
A cowherd with these eleven factors can maintain and expand a herd of cattle. |
一个具有这十一个因素的牧牛人，可以维持和扩大牛群。 |
| Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ekādasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu bhabbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjituṃ. |
In the same way, a monk with eleven dharmas can achieve growth, improvement, and maturity in this Dharma and training. |
同样地，一个具有十一种法的比丘，可以在此佛法和训练中取得成长、进步和成熟。 |
| Katamehi ekādasahi? |
What eleven? |
哪十一种？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti, lakkhaṇakusalo hoti, āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti, vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti, dhūmaṃ kattā hoti, titthaṃ jānāti, pītaṃ jānāti, vīthiṃ jānāti, gocarakusalo hoti, sāvasesadohī ca hoti. Ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti. |
It’s when a monk knows form, is skilled in characteristics, picks out flies’ eggs, dresses wounds, smokes out pests, knows the ford, knows satisfaction, knows the trail, is skilled in pastures, doesn’t milk dry, and shows extra respect to senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha. |
是当一个比丘知道形态，擅长特征，挑出苍蝇卵，处理伤口，熏走害虫，知道渡口，知道满足，知道小径，擅长牧场，不挤奶挤得干干净净，并额外尊重那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti? |
And how does a monk know form? |
那么，比丘如何知道形态呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ sabbaṃ rūpaṃ ‘cattāri mahābhūtāni, catunnañca mahābhūtānaṃ upādāyarūpan’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. |
It’s when a monk truly understands that all form is the four primary elements, or form derived from the four primary elements. |
是当一个比丘真正了解所有形态都是四大元素，或是四大元素所衍生的形态。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaññū hoti. (1) |
That’s how a monk knows form. |
比丘就是这样知道形态的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu lakkhaṇakusalo hoti? |
And how is a monk skilled in characteristics? |
那么，比丘如何擅长特征呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kammalakkhaṇo bālo, kammalakkhaṇo paṇḍitoti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. |
It’s when a monk understands that a fool is characterized by their deeds, and an astute person is characterized by their deeds. |
是当一个比丘了解愚者的特征在于他们的行为，而智者的特征也在于他们的行为。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu lakkhaṇakusalo hoti. (2) |
That’s how a monk is skilled in characteristics. |
比丘就是这样擅长特征的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti? |
And how does a monk pick out flies’ eggs? |
那么，比丘如何挑出苍蝇卵呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu uppannaṃ kāmavitakkaṃ nādhivāseti, pajahati vinodeti byantī karoti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Uppannaṃ byāpādavitakkaṃ … pe … uppannaṃ vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ … pe … uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme nādhivāseti, pajahati vinodeti byantī karoti anabhāvaṃ gameti. |
It’s when a monk doesn’t tolerate a sensual, malicious, or cruel thought that’s arisen. They don’t tolerate any bad, unskillful Dharmas that have arisen, but give them up, get rid of them, eliminate them, and obliterate them. |
是当一个比丘不容忍已经生起的感官、恶意或残忍的念头。他们不容忍任何已经生起的坏的、不善的法，而是放弃、摆脱、消除、彻底根除它们。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsāṭikaṃ hāretā hoti. (3) |
That’s how a monk picks out flies’ eggs. |
比丘就是这样挑出苍蝇卵的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti? |
And how does a monk dress wounds? |
那么，比丘如何处理伤口呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. |
When a monk sees a sight with their eyes, they don’t get caught up in the features and details. |
当比丘用眼睛看到景象时，他们不会被特征和细节所吸引。 |
| Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. |
If the faculty of sight was left unrestrained, bad unskillful Dharmas of desire and aversion would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of sight, and achieving its restraint. |
如果视觉器官没有得到控制，贪欲和嗔恨的不善法就会变得势不可挡。因此，他们实行节制，保护视觉器官，并实现其节制。 |
| Sotena saddaṃ sutvā … pe … |
When they hear a sound with their ears … |
当他们用耳朵听到声音时…… |
| ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā … pe … |
smell an odor with their nose … |
用鼻子闻到气味时…… |
| jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā … pe … |
taste a flavor with their tongue … |
用舌头尝到味道时…… |
| kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā … pe … |
feel a touch with their body … |
用身体感受到触觉时…… |
| manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. |
know a thought with their mind, they don’t get caught up in the features and details. |
用心知道念头时，他们不会被特征和细节所吸引。 |
| Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. |
If the faculty of mind was left unrestrained, bad unskillful Dharmas of desire and aversion would become overwhelming. For this reason, they practice restraint, protecting the faculty of mind, and achieving its restraint. |
如果意根没有得到控制，贪欲和嗔恨的不善法就会变得势不可挡。因此，他们实行节制，保护意根，并实现其节制。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vaṇaṃ paṭicchādetā hoti. (4) |
That’s how a monk dresses wounds. |
比丘就是这样处理伤口的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhūmaṃ kattā hoti? |
And how does a monk smoke out pests? |
那么，比丘如何熏走害虫呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathāsutaṃ yathāpariyattaṃ dhammaṃ vitthārena paresaṃ desetā hoti. |
It’s when a monk teaches others the Dhamma in detail as they learned and memorized it. |
是当一个比丘详细地教导他人他所学习和记住的佛法。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhūmaṃ kattā hoti. (5) |
That’s how a monk smokes out pests. |
比丘就是这样熏走害虫的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu titthaṃ jānāti? |
And how does a monk know the ford? |
那么，比丘如何知道渡口呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā te kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamitvā paripucchati, paripañhati: |
It’s when from time to time a monk goes up to those monks who are very learned—knowledgeable in the scriptures, who have memorized the Dharmas, the Vinaya, and the outlines—and asks them questions: |
是当一个比丘不时常去拜访那些博学多闻的比丘——精通经典，背诵佛法、律藏和大纲的人——并向他们提问： |
| ‘idaṃ, bhante, kathaṃ? |
‘Why, sir, does it say this? |
“先生，为什么这样说？ |
| Imassa ko attho’ti? |
What does that mean?’ |
那是什么意思？” |
| Tassa te āyasmanto avivaṭañceva vivaranti, anuttānīkatañca uttānīkaronti, anekavihitesu ca kaṅkhāṭhānīyesu dhammesu kaṅkhaṃ paṭivinodenti. |
Those venerables clarify what is unclear, reveal what is obscure, and dispel doubt regarding the many doubtful matters. |
那些尊者澄清不清楚的地方，揭示模糊的地方，并消除许多可疑事项的疑虑。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu titthaṃ jānāti. (6) |
That’s how a monk knows the ford. |
比丘就是这样知道渡口的。 |
| Kathañca bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītaṃ jānāti? |
And how does a monk know satisfaction? |
那么，比丘如何知道满足呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye desiyamāne labhati atthavedaṃ, labhati dhammavedaṃ, labhati dhammūpasaṃhitaṃ pāmojjaṃ. |
It’s when a monk, when The Dharma and training proclaimed by the Realized One are being taught, finds joy in the meaning and The Dharma, and finds joy connected with The Dharma. |
是当一个比丘，在宣说如来所宣讲的佛法和训练时，在意义和佛法中找到喜悦，也找到与佛法相关的喜悦。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pītaṃ jānāti. (7) |
That’s how a monk knows satisfaction. |
比丘就是这样知道满足的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vīthiṃ jānāti? |
And how does a monk know the trail? |
那么，比丘如何知道小径呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. |
It’s when a monk truly understands the noble eightfold path. |
是当一个比丘真正了解八圣道。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vīthiṃ jānāti. (8) |
That’s how a monk knows the trail. |
比丘就是这样知道小径的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gocarakusalo hoti? |
And how is a monk skilled in pastures? |
那么，比丘如何擅长牧场呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cattāro satipaṭṭhāne yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. |
It’s when a monk truly understands the four kinds of rememberfulness meditation. |
是当一个比丘真正了解四种念住禅修。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gocarakusalo hoti. (9) |
That’s how a monk is skilled in pastures. |
比丘就是这样擅长牧场的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāvasesadohī hoti? |
And how does a monk not milk dry? |
那么，比丘如何不挤奶挤得干干净净呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ saddhā gahapatikā abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavārenti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. |
It’s when a monk is invited by a householder to accept robes, alms-food, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick, |
是当一个比丘被在家居士邀请接受袈裟、食物、住所和生病所需的药物和用品时， |
| Tatra bhikkhu mattaṃ jānāti paṭiggahaṇāya. |
and that monk knows moderation in accepting. |
而这个比丘在接受时知道节制。 |
| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sāvasesadohī hoti. (10) |
That’s how a monk doesn’t milk dry. |
比丘就是这样不挤奶挤得干干净净的。 |
| Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā, te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti? |
And how does a monk show extra respect to senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha? |
那么，比丘如何额外尊重那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘呢？ |
| Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā tesu mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca; |
It’s when a monk consistently treats senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha with kindness by way of body, speech, and mind, both in public and in private. |
是当一个比丘在公开和私下，都始终如一地以身、语、意对待那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘。 |
| mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca; |
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| mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhāpeti āvi ceva raho ca. |
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| Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ye te bhikkhū therā rattaññū cirapabbajitā saṅghapitaro saṅghapariṇāyakā te atirekapūjāya pūjetā hoti. (11) |
That’s how a monk shows extra respect to senior monks of long standing, long gone forth, fathers and leaders of the Saṅgha. |
比丘就是这样额外尊重那些资深、久已出家、作为僧团父亲和领袖的比丘的。 |
