+MN 69 Goliyāni: With Gulissāni
- 69.0 - (Sariputta is giving the talk, not the Buddha)
- 69.1 - (should have respect and reverence for his spiritual companions)
- 69.2 - (should be careful where he sits)
- 69.3 - (should know even the supplementary regulations)
- 69.4 - (shouldn’t enter the village too early or return too late in the day)
- 69.5 - (shouldn’t socialize with families before or after the meal)
- 69.6 - (shouldn’t be restless and fickle)
- 69.7 - (shouldn’t be gossipy and loose-tongued)
- 69.8 - (should be easy to admonish, with good friends)
- 69.9 - (should guard the sense doors)
- 69.10 - (monk should eat in moderation)
- 69.11 - (monk should be committed to wakefulness)
- 69.12 - (should have aroused-vigor)
- 69.13 - (should be rememberful [of Dharma])
- 69.14 - (monk should have undistractible-lucidity)
- 69.15 - (a wilderness monk should be wise)
- 69.16 - (should make an effort to learn the higher Dharma and higher training)
- 69.17 - (to realize the peaceful liberations that are formless, transcending form)
- 69.18 - (to realize the superhuman state )
| (derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) | （源自 B. Sujato 2018/12） | |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— | So I have heard. | 如是我聞。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. | At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. | 一時，佛陀住在王舍城附近的竹林，松鼠飼料場。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena goliyāni nāma bhikkhu āraññiko padasamācāro saṃghamajjhe osaṭo hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. | Now at that time a wilderness monk of lax behavior named Gulissāni had come down to the midst of the Saṅgha on some business. | 當時，一位行為散漫的林居比丘，名叫古利薩尼，因某些事務來到了僧伽之中。 |
69.0 – (Sariputta is giving the talk, not the Buddha)
| Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto goliyāniṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhikkhū āmantesi: | There Venerable Sāriputta spoke to the monks about Gulissāni: | 舍利弗尊者在那裡對比丘們談論古利薩尼： |
69.1 – (should have respect and reverence for his spiritual companions)
| “Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena sabrahmacārīsu sagāravena bhavitabbaṃ sappatissena. | “Reverends, a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should have respect and reverence for his spiritual companions. | 「諸位尊者，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，應該對他的法友們懷有尊敬和敬畏。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṃghagato saṃghe viharanto sabrahmacārīsu agāravo hoti appatisso, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he doesn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他不這樣做，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena, yo ayamāyasmā sabrahmacārīsu agāravo hoti appatisso’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he has no respect and reverence for his spiritual companions?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他對他的法友們沒有尊敬和敬畏，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena sabrahmacārīsu sagāravena bhavitabbaṃ sappatissena. (1) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should have respect and reverence for his spiritual companions. | 所以，一個來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，應該對他的法友們懷有尊敬和敬畏。 |
69.2 – (should be careful where he sits)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena āsanakusalena bhavitabbaṃ: | A wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should be careful where he sits, thinking: | 一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，應該注意自己的坐姿，心想： |
| ‘iti there ca bhikkhū nānupakhajja nisīdissāmi nave ca bhikkhū na āsanena paṭibāhissāmī’ti. | ‘I shall sit so that I don’t intrude on the senior monks and I don’t block the junior monks from a seat.’ | 「我會坐著，這樣我就不會侵犯長老比丘，也不會妨礙年輕比丘入座。」 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṃghagato saṃghe viharanto na āsanakusalo hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he doesn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他不這樣做，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena, yo ayamāyasmā āsanakusalo na hotī’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he’s not careful where he sits?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他不注意自己的坐姿，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena āsanakusalena bhavitabbaṃ. (2) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should be careful where he sits. | 所以，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，應該注意自己的坐姿。 |
69.3 – (should know even the supplementary regulations)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena ābhisamācārikopi dhammo jānitabbo. | A wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should know even the supplementary regulations. | 一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，甚至應該知道輔助戒律。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṃghagato saṃghe viharanto ābhisamācārikampi dhammaṃ na jānāti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he doesn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他不知道，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā ābhisamācārikampi dhammaṃ na jānātī’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he doesn’t even know the supplementary regulations?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他連輔助戒律都不知道，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena ābhisamācārikopi dhammo jānitabbo. (3) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should know even the supplementary regulations. | 所以，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，甚至應該知道輔助戒律。 |
69.4 – (shouldn’t enter the village too early or return too late in the day)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena nātikālena gāmo pavisitabbo nātidivā paṭikkamitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t enter the village too early or return too late in the day. | 一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，不應過早入村或過晚回村。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṃghagato saṃghe viharanto atikālena gāmaṃ pavisati atidivā paṭikkamati, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he does so, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他這樣做，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā atikālena gāmaṃ pavisati atidivā paṭikkamatī’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he enters the village too early or returns too late in the day?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他過早入村或過晚回村，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena nātikālena gāmo pavisitabbo, nātidivā paṭikkamitabbaṃ. (4) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t enter the village too early or return too late in the day. | 所以，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，不應過早入村或過晚回村。 |
69.5 – (shouldn’t socialize with families before or after the meal)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṅghagatena saṅghe viharantena na purebhattaṃ pacchābhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t socialize with families before or after the meal. | 一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，飯前飯後不應與家人社交。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṅghagato saṅghe viharanto purebhattaṃ pacchābhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjati, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he does so, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他這樣做，就會有人說： |
| ‘Ayaṃ nūnimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena viharato vikālacariyā bahulīkatā, tamenaṃ saṅghagatampi samudācaratī’ti— | ‘This wilderness venerable, staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, must be used to wandering about at the wrong time, since he behaves like this when he’s come to the Saṅgha.’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他來到僧伽時行為如此，他一定習慣了在不對的時間遊蕩。」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṅghagatena saṅghe viharantena na purebhattaṃ pacchābhattaṃ kulesu cārittaṃ āpajjitabbaṃ. (5) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t socialize with families before or after the meal. | 所以，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，飯前飯後不應與家人社交。 |
69.6 – (shouldn’t be restless and fickle)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṅghagatena saṅghe viharantena anuddhatena bhavitabbaṃ acapalena. | A wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t be restless and fickle. | 一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，不應躁動不安、反覆無常。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṅghagato saṅghe viharanto uddhato hoti capalo, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he is, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他這樣做，就會有人說： |
| ‘Idaṃ nūnimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena viharato uddhaccaṃ cāpalyaṃ bahulīkataṃ, tamenaṃ saṅghagatampi samudācaratī’ti— | ‘This wilderness venerable, staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, must be used to being restless and fickle, since he behaves like this when he’s come to the Saṅgha.’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他來到僧伽時行為如此，他一定習慣了躁動不安、反覆無常。」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṅghagatena saṅghe viharantena anuddhatena bhavitabbaṃ acapalena. (6) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t be restless and fickle. | 所以，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，不應躁動不安、反覆無常。 |
69.7 – (shouldn’t be gossipy and loose-tongued)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṅghagatena saṅghe viharantena amukharena bhavitabbaṃ avikiṇṇavācena. | A wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t be gossipy and loose-tongued. | 一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，不應好說閒話、口無遮攔。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṅghagato saṅghe viharanto mukharo hoti vikiṇṇavāco, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he is, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他這樣做，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā mukharo vikiṇṇavāco’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he’s gossipy and loose-tongued?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他好說閒話、口無遮攔，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṅghagatena saṅghe viharantena amukharena bhavitabbaṃ avikiṇṇavācena. (7) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha shouldn’t be gossipy and loose-tongued. | 所以，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，不應好說閒話、口無遮攔。 |
69.8 – (should be easy to admonish, with good friends)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena suvacena bhavitabbaṃ kalyāṇamittena. | A wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should be easy to admonish, with good friends. | 一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，應該容易接受勸告，並有善友。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu saṃghagato saṃghe viharanto dubbaco hoti pāpamitto, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he’s hard to admonish, with bad friends, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他難以接受勸告，並有惡友，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā dubbaco pāpamitto’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he’s hard to admonish, with bad friends?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他難以接受勸告，並有惡友，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā saṃghagatena saṃghe viharantena suvacena bhavitabbaṃ kalyāṇamittena. (8) | That’s why a wilderness monk who has come to stay in the Saṅgha should be easy to admonish, with good friends. | 所以，一位來到僧伽中居住的林居比丘，應該容易接受勸告，並有善友。 |
69.9 – (should guard the sense doors)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā indriyesu guttadvārena bhavitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk should guard the sense doors. | 一位林居比丘應該守護根門。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu indriyesu aguttadvāro hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he doesn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他不這樣做，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā indriyesu aguttadvāro’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he doesn’t guard the sense doors?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他不守護根門，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā indriyesu guttadvārena bhavitabbaṃ. (9) | That’s why a wilderness monk should guard the sense doors. | 所以，一位林居比丘應該守護根門。 |
69.10 – (monk should eat in moderation)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā bhojane mattaññunā bhavitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk should eat in moderation. | 一位林居比丘應該適度飲食。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu bhojane amattaññū hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he doesn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他沒有，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā bhojane amattaññū’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he eats too much?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他吃得太多，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā bhojane mattaññunā bhavitabbaṃ. (10) | That’s why a wilderness monk should eat in moderation. | 所以，一位林居比丘應該適度飲食。 |
69.11 – (monk should be committed to wakefulness)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā jāgariyaṃ anuyuttena bhavitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk should be committed to wakefulness. | 一位林居比丘應致力於清醒。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ ananuyutto hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he isn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他沒有，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā jāgariyaṃ ananuyutto’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he’s not committed to wakefulness?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他不致力於清醒，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā jāgariyaṃ anuyuttena bhavitabbaṃ. (11) | That’s why a wilderness monk should be committed to wakefulness. | 所以，一位林居比丘應致力於清醒。 |
69.12 – (should have aroused-vigor)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā āraddhavīriyena bhavitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk should be energetic. | 一位林居比丘應當精進。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu kusīto hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he isn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他沒有，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā kusīto’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he’s not energetic?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他沒有精進，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā āraddha-vīriyena bhavitabbaṃ. (12) | That’s why a wilderness monk should have aroused-vigor. | 所以，一位林居比丘應當精進。 |
69.13 – (should be rememberful [of Dharma])
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā upaṭṭhitassatinā bhavitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk should be rememberful. | 一位林居比丘應該正念。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu muṭṭhassatī hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he isn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他沒有，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā muṭṭhassatī’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he’s not rememberful?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他沒有正念，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā upaṭṭhitassatinā bhavitabbaṃ. (13) | That’s why a wilderness monk should be rememberful [of Dharma]. | 所以，一位林居比丘應該正念（於法）。 |
69.14 – (monk should have undistractible-lucidity)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā samāhitena bhavitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk should have undistractible-lucidity. | 一位林居比丘應該有不散亂的明晰。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu asamāhito hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he doesn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他沒有，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā asamāhito’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he doesn’t have undistractible-lucidity?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他沒有不散亂的明晰，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā samāhitena bhavitabbaṃ. (14) | That’s why a wilderness monk should have undistractible-lucidity. | 所以，一位林居比丘應該有不散亂的明晰。 |
69.15 – (a wilderness monk should be wise)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā paññavatā bhavitabbaṃ. | A wilderness monk should be wise. | 一位林居比丘應當有智慧。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu duppañño hoti, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he isn’t, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他沒有，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā duppañño’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he’s not wise?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他沒有智慧，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā paññavatā bhavitabbaṃ. (15) | That’s why a wilderness monk should be wise. | 所以，一位林居比丘應當有智慧。 |
69.16 – (should make an effort to learn the higher Dharma and higher training)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā abhidhamme abhivinaye yogo karaṇīyo. | A wilderness monk should make an effort to learn the teaching and training. | 一位林居比丘應該努力學習教法和戒律。 |
| Santāvuso, āraññikaṃ bhikkhuṃ abhidhamme abhivinaye pañhaṃ pucchitāro. | There are those who will question a wilderness monk about the teaching and training. | 會有人向林居比丘提問教法和戒律。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu abhidhamme abhivinaye pañhaṃ puṭṭho na sampāyati, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he fails to answer, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他無法回答，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā abhidhamme abhivinaye pañhaṃ puṭṭho na sampāyatī’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he can’t answer a question about the teaching and training?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他無法回答關於教法和戒律的問題，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā abhidhamme abhivinaye yogo karaṇīyo. (16) | That’s why a wilderness monk should make an effort to learn the higher Dharma and higher training. | 所以，一位林居比丘應該努力學習上等法和上等戒律。 |
69.17 – (to realize the peaceful liberations that are formless, transcending form)
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā ye te santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā tattha yogo karaṇīyo. | A wilderness monk should practice meditation to realize the peaceful liberations that are formless, transcending form. | 一位林居比丘應該修習禪定，以證悟寂靜的無色解脫，超越色相。 |
| Santāvuso, āraññikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ye te santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā tattha pañhaṃ pucchitāro. | There are those who will question a wilderness monk regarding the formless liberations. | 會有人向林居比丘提問無色解脫。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu ye te santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho na sampāyati, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he fails to answer, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他無法回答，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā ye te santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā tattha pañhaṃ puṭṭho na sampāyatī’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he can’t answer a question about the formless liberations?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他無法回答關於無色解脫的問題，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā ye te santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā tattha yogo karaṇīyo. (17) | That’s why a wilderness monk should practice meditation to realize the peaceful liberations that are formless, transcending form. | 所以，一位林居比丘應該修習禪定，以證悟寂靜的無色解脫，超越色相。 |
69.18 – (to realize the superhuman state )
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā uttari manussadhamme yogo karaṇīyo. | A wilderness monk should practice meditation to realize the superhuman state. | 一位林居比丘應當修習禪定以證悟超人境界。 |
| Santāvuso, āraññikaṃ bhikkhuṃ uttari manussadhamme pañhaṃ pucchitāro. | There are those who will question a wilderness monk about the superhuman state. | 會有人向林居比丘提問超人境界。 |
| Sace, āvuso, āraññiko bhikkhu uttari manussadhamme pañhaṃ puṭṭho na sampāyati, tassa bhavanti vattāro. | If he fails to answer, there’ll be some who say: | 如果他無法回答，就會有人說： |
| ‘Kiṃ panimassāyasmato āraññikassa ekassāraññe serivihārena yo ayamāyasmā yassatthāya pabbajito tamatthaṃ na jānātī’ti— | ‘What’s the point of this wilderness venerable’s staying alone and autonomous in the wilderness, since he doesn’t know the goal for which he went forth?’ | 「這位林居尊者獨自一人自主地住在林中，既然他不知道自己出家的目的，這又有什麼意義呢？」 |
| tassa bhavanti vattāro. | ||
| Tasmā āraññikena bhikkhunā uttari manussadhamme yogo karaṇīyo”ti. (18) | That’s why a wilderness monk should practice meditation to realize the superhuman state.” | 所以，一位林居比丘應當修習禪定以證悟超人境界。” |
| Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahāmoggallāno āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca: | When Venerable Sāriputta said this, Venerable Mahāmoggallāna said to him: | 舍利弗尊者說完這些話後，大目犍連尊者對他說： |
| “āraññikeneva nu kho, āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhunā ime dhammā samādāya vattitabbā udāhu gāmantavihārināpī”ti? | “Reverend Sāriputta, should these things be undertaken and followed only by wilderness monks, or by those who live in the neighborhood of a village as well?” | 「舍利弗尊者，這些事情應該只由林居比丘承擔和遵守嗎，還是那些住在村莊附近的比丘也應該這樣做？」 |
| “Āraññikenāpi kho, āvuso moggallāna, bhikkhunā ime dhammā samādāya vattitabbā pageva gāmantavihārinā”ti. | “Reverend Moggallāna, these things should be undertaken and followed by wilderness monks, and still more by those who live in the neighborhood of a village.” | 「目犍連尊者，這些事情應該由林居比丘承擔和遵守，而那些住在村莊附近的比丘更應該如此。」 |
end of section [69 – MN 69 Goliyāni: With Gulissāni]❧
+// MN 69 commentary
+Theravada cmy. On arupa
MN 69 reference to a-rūpa
| Āraññikenāvuso, bhikkhunā ye te santā vimokkhā atikkamma rūpe āruppā tattha yogo karaṇīyo. | A wilderness monk should practice meditation to realize the peaceful liberations that are formless, transcending form. | 一位林居比丘應當修習禪定，以證悟寂靜的無色解脫，超越色相。 |
Te. Cmy. Glosses |
||
| (B. Dhammanando paraphrase trans.) | （B. Dhammanando 意譯） | |
| ♦ "āruppā" ti | “formless” (gloss:) | 「無色」（註釋：） |
| ettāvatā aṭṭhapi samāpattiyo vuttā honti. | "Though the Buddha mentions only the āruppas, all of the eight samāpattis should be understood as included/implied. | 「雖然佛陀只提及了無色界禪定，但八種等至都應被理解為包含/暗示其中。 |
| tā pana sabbena sabbaṃ asakkontena sattasupi yogo karaṇīyo, chasupi ... pe ... pañcasupi. | However, if a bhikkhu isn’t able to attain all eight, then he should strive for seven or six or five… etc. | 然而，如果一位比丘無法證得所有八種，那麼他應該努力爭取七種或六種或五種……等等。 |
| sabbantimena paricchedena ekaṃ kasiṇe parikammakammaṭṭhānaṃ paguṇaṃ katvā ādāya vicaritabbaṃ, ettakaṃ vinā na vaṭṭati. | At the bare minimum he should so conduct himself that he becomes proficient in at least one kasiṇa meditation. It would be improper for him not to do at least this much." | 至少他應該如此行事，使自己至少精通一種遍處禪定。如果他連這個都做不到，那是不恰當的。」 |
Theravada subcommentary explains further
| (B. Yuttadhammo trans.) | （B. Yuttadhammo 譯） | |
| Āruppāti iminā catassopi arūpasamāpattiyo gahitā, tā pana catūhi rūpasamāpattīhi vinā na sampajjantīti āha – | In regards to "āruppa": by these ones, all four immaterial attainments are taken, but they do not attain without the four material attainments, | 關於「無色界禪定」：這些禪定指的是所有四種無色界禪定，但若無四種色界禪定則無法證得， |
| ‘‘āruppāti ettāvatā aṭṭhapi samāpattiyo vuttā hontī’ ’ti. | thus it was said, "āruppa was said referring to the extent of the eight attainments". | 因此有言：「無色界禪定指八種禪定的範圍」。 |
B. Dhammanando explains ‘ettavata’
frank k wrote: ↑Sun Oct 11, 2020 7:47 am
So what the Theravada commentary is saying, wrongly, is that the four jhanas are a-rūpa (since 4 jhanas are part of the 8 attainments).
Ven. Responds:
No. If the commentator had meant that, he would merely have said:
_Āruppā_ti aṭṭha samāpattiyo.
As it is, you're overlooking the word ettāvatā:
Ettāvatā: by just so much, with this much; to such an extent; so far, to that extent; thus.
(Margaret Cone's dictionary)
and the word api, ("also").
The combination of the two words is often used by the commentators when they want to say that some statement is to be understood as allusive or implicative: "Though the Buddha mentioned only X, we should understand Y and Z to be included too."
a-rūpa and āruppa
Āruppa is formed by adding the suffix -ṇya to arūp, leading to assimilation (p + -ṇya = pp) and stem-vowel lengthening.
It's analogous to how sāmaññā ("the state of an ascetic") is formed from samaṇa ("ascetic").
With regard to meaning, āruppa is a more specialised term, used to refer to either
(1) meditation subjects that lead to arūpāvacarajjhāna;
(2) the arūpāvacarajjhānas themselves; or
(3) the vipāka that comes from developing arūpāvacarajjhāna, i.e., formless planes of existence.
Arūpa includes all of these too, but a dozen other things besides.
Āruppa (adj.) [fr. arūpa as ā (= a2) -- *rūpya] formless, incorporeal; nt. formless existence D iii.275; M i.410 cp. 472; iii.163; S i.131 (˚ṭṭhāyin); ii.123; A iv.316 It 61; Sn 754; J i.406; Dhs 1385 (cp. trsl. 57); Vism 338; DA i.224; SnA 488, 508; Sdhp 5, 10; the four Vism iii, 326 sq.
The PED seems to have a typo. Āruppa is a noun, not an adjective.
frank k wrote: ↑Sun Oct 11, 2020 7:47 am
The subcommentary for MN 69 says:
[...]
That seems to be correcting the commentary, saying that it's only the four a-arupa attainments that are meant, and not the 4 rupa attainments. Then it mentions there are ten-fold kasinas.
I don't understand what it says about parikkama ...
Can someone confirm I'm translating correctly for subcmy?
Cūḷa Dhammapāla isn't correcting Buddhaghosa. The gist of his first sentence is that Buddhaghosa says what he does because there's no divorcing the attainment of the arūpasamāpattis from that of the rūpasamāpattis. The rest is just saying at length what Buddhaghosa said in brief.