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(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
（摘自B. Sujato 2018/12） |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
如是我闻。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. |
一时，佛陀住在王舍城竹林精舍，松鼠饲养处。 |
| Atha kho vacchagotto paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. |
Then the wanderer Vacchagotta went up to the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him. |
然后，跋迦姓游方者来到佛陀面前，与他互相问候。 |
| Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha: |
问候和礼貌的交谈结束后，他坐到一边，对佛陀说： |
| “dīgharattāhaṃ bhotā gotamena sahakathī. |
“For a long time I have had discussions with Master Gotama. |
“我与乔达摩大师讨论很久了。 |
| Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo saṃkhittena kusalākusalaṃ desetū”ti. |
Please teach me in brief what is skillful and what is unskillful.” |
请您简要地教我什么是善，什么是不善。” |
| “Saṃkhittenapi kho te ahaṃ, vaccha, kusalākusalaṃ deseyyaṃ, vitthārenapi kho te ahaṃ, vaccha, kusalākusalaṃ deseyyaṃ; |
“Vaccha, I can teach you what is skillful and what is unskillful in brief or in detail. |
“婆蹉，我可以用简要或详细的方式教你什么是善，什么是不善。 |
| api ca te ahaṃ, vaccha, saṃkhittena kusalākusalaṃ desessāmi. |
Still, let me do so in brief. |
不过，我还是简要地教你吧。 |
| Taṃ suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi, bhāsissāmī”ti. |
Listen and pay close attention, I will speak.” |
请听好，并仔细留意，我将要说。” |
| “Evaṃ, bho”ti kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavato paccassosi. |
“Yes, sir,” Vaccha replied. |
“是的，先生，”跋迦回答说。 |
| Bhagavā etadavoca: |
The Buddha said this: |
佛陀如此说： |
| “Lobho kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, alobho kusalaṃ; |
“Greed is unskillful, contentment is skillful. |
“贪是不善，知足是善。 |
| doso kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, adoso kusalaṃ; |
Hate is unskillful, love is skillful. |
嗔是不善，慈爱是善。 |
| moho kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, amoho kusalaṃ. |
Delusion is unskillful, understanding is skillful. |
痴是不善，理解是善。 |
| Iti kho, vaccha, ime tayo dhammā akusalā, tayo dhammā kusalā. |
So there are these three unskillful things and three that are skillful. |
所以，有这三种不善和三种善。” |
| Pāṇātipāto kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, pāṇātipātā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; |
Killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct; speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; covetousness, ill will, and wrong view: these things are unskillful. |
杀害生灵、偷盗、邪淫；妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语；贪婪、瞋恚、邪见：这些是不善的。 |
| adinnādānaṃ kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, adinnādānā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; |
Refraining from killing living creatures, stealing, and sexual misconduct; refraining from speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; contentment, kind-heartedness, and right view: these things are skillful. |
戒杀生、戒偷盗、戒邪淫；戒妄语、戒两舌、戒恶口、戒绮语；知足、慈心、正见：这些是善的。 |
| kāmesumicchācāro kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; |
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| musāvādo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, musāvādā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; |
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| pisuṇā vācā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṃ; |
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| pharusā vācā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṃ; |
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| samphappalāpo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, samphappalāpā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; |
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| abhijjhā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, anabhijjhā kusalaṃ; |
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| byāpādo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, abyāpādo kusalaṃ; |
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| micchādiṭṭhi kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ sammādiṭṭhi kusalaṃ. |
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| Iti kho, vaccha, ime dasa dhammā akusalā, dasa dhammā kusalā. |
So there are these ten unskillful things and ten that are skillful. |
所以，有这十种不善和十种善。 |
| Yato kho, vaccha, bhikkhuno taṇhā pahīnā hoti ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā, so hoti bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññāvimutto”ti. |
When a monk has given up craving so it is cut off at the root, made like a palm stump, obliterated, and unable to arise in the future, that monk is perfected. They’ve ended the defilements, completed the spiritual journey, done what had to be done, laid down the burden, achieved their own true goal, utterly ended the fetters of rebirth, and are rightly freed through enlightenment.” |
当比丘已断除渴爱，使其连根拔起，犹如棕榈树桩般被彻底摧毁，无法在未来生起，那么这位比丘便是圆满的。他们已尽诸漏，完成了梵行，所作已办，舍弃重担，证得己利，完全断尽轮回的系缚，并已通过觉悟获得正解脱。” |
| “Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo. |
“Leaving aside Master Gotama, |
“撇开乔达摩大师不谈， |
| Atthi pana te bhoto gotamassa ekabhikkhupi sāvako yo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti? |
is there even a single monk disciple of Master Gotama who has realized the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life, and lives having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements?” |
乔达摩大师的弟子中，是否有任何一位比丘在此生中证得无漏心解脱和慧解脱，并已以自己的洞察力证得它，因为烦恼的止息？” |
| “Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova ye bhikkhū mama sāvakā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī”ti. |
“There are not just one hundred such monks who are my disciples, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but many more than that.” |
“婆蹉，我的弟子中，这样的比丘不只一百、两百、三百、四百、五百，而是更多更多。” |
| “Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū. |
“Leaving aside Master Gotama and the monks, |
“撇开乔达摩大师和比丘们不谈， |
| Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekā bhikkhunīpi sāvikā yā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti? |
is there even a single nun disciple of Master Gotama who has realized the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life, and lives having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements?” |
乔达摩大师的弟子中，是否有任何一位比丘尼在此生中证得无漏心解脱和慧解脱，并已以自己的洞察力证得它，因为烦恼的止息？” |
| “Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā bhikkhuniyo mama sāvikā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī”ti. |
“There are not just one hundred such nuns who are my disciples, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but many more than that.” |
“婆蹉，我的弟子中，这样的比丘尼不只一百、两百、三百、四百、五百，而是更多更多。” |
| “Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo. |
“Leaving aside Master Gotama, the monks, and the nuns, |
“撇开乔达摩大师、比丘们和比丘尼们不谈， |
| Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsakopi sāvako gihī odātavasano brahmacārī yo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā”ti? |
is there even a single layman disciple of Master Gotama—white-clothed and celibate—who, with the ending of the five lower fetters, is reborn spontaneously, to be nirvana'd there, not liable to return from that world?” |
乔达摩大师的在家弟子中，是否有任何一位——身着白衣、持梵行——因五下分结已尽，而能自然往生，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界回来？” |
| “Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova ye upāsakā mama sāvakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā”ti. |
“There are not just one hundred such celibate laymen who are my disciples, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but many more than that.” |
“婆蹉，我的弟子中，这样的持梵行在家男居士不只一百、两百、三百、四百、五百，而是更多更多。” |
| “Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino. |
“Leaving aside Master Gotama, the monks, the nuns, and the celibate laymen, |
“撇开乔达摩大师、比丘们、比丘尼们和持梵行的在家男居士不谈， |
| Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsakopi sāvako gihī odātavasano kāmabhogī sāsanakaro ovādappaṭikaro yo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṅkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane viharatī”ti? |
is there even a single layman disciple of Master Gotama—white-clothed, enjoying sensual pleasures, following instructions, and responding to advice—who has gone beyond doubt, got rid of indecision, and lives self-assured and independent of others regarding the Teacher’s instruction?” |
乔达摩大师的在家弟子中，是否有任何一位——身着白衣、享受感官乐、遵循教导、听从劝告——已超越疑惑、摆脱犹豫，对导师的教导充满自信且不依赖他人？” |
| “Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova ye upāsakā mama sāvakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā tiṇṇavicikicchā vigatakathaṅkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharantī”ti. |
“There are not just one hundred such laymen enjoying sensual pleasures who are my disciples, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but many more than that.” |
“婆蹉，我的弟子中，这样的享受感官乐的在家男居士不只一百、两百、三百、四百、五百，而是更多更多。” |
| “Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino. |
“Leaving aside Master Gotama, the monks, the nuns, the celibate laymen, and the laymen enjoying sensual pleasures, |
“撇开乔达摩大师、比丘们、比丘尼们、持梵行的在家男居士和享受感官乐的在家男居士不谈， |
| Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsikāpi sāvikā gihinī odātavasanā brahmacārinī yā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyinī anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā”ti? |
is there even a single laywoman disciple of Master Gotama—white-clothed and celibate—who, with the ending of the five lower fetters, is reborn spontaneously, to be nirvana'd there, not liable to return from that world?” |
乔达摩大师的在家弟子中，是否有任何一位——身着白衣、持梵行——因五下分结已尽，而能自然往生，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界回来？” |
| “Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā upāsikā mama sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyiniyo anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā”ti. |
“There are not just one hundred such celibate laywomen who are my disciples, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but many more than that.” |
“婆蹉，我的弟子中，这样的持梵行在家女居士不只一百、两百、三百、四百、五百，而是更多更多。” |
| “Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino, tiṭṭhantu upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo. |
“Leaving aside Master Gotama, the monks, the nuns, the celibate laymen, the laymen enjoying sensual pleasures, and the celibate laywomen, |
“撇开乔达摩大师、比丘们、比丘尼们、持梵行的在家男居士、享受感官乐的在家男居士和持梵行的在家女居士不谈， |
| Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsikāpi sāvikā gihinī odātavasanā kāmabhoginī sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā yā tiṇṇavicikicchā vigatakathaṅkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharatī”ti? |
is there even a single laywoman disciple of Master Gotama—white-clothed, enjoying sensual pleasures, following instructions, and responding to advice—who has gone beyond doubt, got rid of indecision, and lives self-assured and independent of others regarding the Teacher’s instruction?” |
乔达摩大师的在家弟子中，是否有任何一位——身着白衣、享受感官乐、遵循教导、听从劝告——已超越疑惑、摆脱犹豫，对导师的教导充满自信且不依赖他人？” |
| “Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā upāsikā mama sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā tiṇṇavicikicchā vigatakathaṅkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharantī”ti. |
“There are not just one hundred such laywomen enjoying sensual pleasures who are my disciples, Vaccha, or two or three or four or five hundred, but many more than that.” |
“婆蹉，我的弟子中，这样的享受感官乐的在家女居士不只一百、两百、三百、四百、五百，而是更多更多。” |
| “Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavaṃyeva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, no ca kho bhikkhū ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu; |
“If Master Gotama was the only one to succeed in this teaching, not any monks, |
“如果乔达摩大师是唯一一位在此教法中成功的人，而没有任何比丘成功， |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. |
then this spiritual path would be incomplete in that respect. |
那么这个灵修之道在这方面就不完整。 |
| Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako bhikkhū ca ārādhakā; |
But because both Master Gotama and monks have succeeded in this teaching, |
但因为乔达摩大师和比丘们都已在此教法中成功， |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena. |
this spiritual path is complete in that respect. |
这个灵修之道在这方面是完整的。 |
| Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho bhikkhuniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; |
If Master Gotama and the monks were the only ones to succeed in this teaching, not any nuns … |
如果乔达摩大师和比丘们是唯一在此教法中成功的人，而没有任何比丘尼…… |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. |
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| Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā; |
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| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena. |
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| Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu; |
celibate laymen … |
持梵行的在家男居士…… |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. |
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| Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā; |
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| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena. |
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| Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu; |
laymen enjoying sensual pleasures … |
享受感官乐的在家男居士…… |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. |
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| Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā; |
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| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena. |
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| Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; |
celibate laywomen … |
持梵行的在家女居士…… |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. |
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| Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā; |
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| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena. |
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| Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; |
laywomen enjoying sensual pleasures, |
享受感官乐的在家女居士， |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. |
then this spiritual path would be incomplete in that respect. |
那么这个灵修之道在这方面就不完整。 |
| Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo ārādhikā; |
But because Master Gotama, monks, nuns, celibate laymen, laymen enjoying sensual pleasures, celibate laywomen, and laywomen enjoying sensual pleasures have all succeeded in this teaching, |
但因为乔达摩大师、比丘们、比丘尼们、持梵行的在家男居士、享受感官乐的在家男居士、持梵行的在家女居士和享受感官乐的在家女居士都已在此教法中成功， |
| evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena. |
this spiritual path is complete in that respect. |
这个灵修之道在这方面是完整的。 |
| Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, gaṅgā nadī samuddaninnā samuddapoṇā samuddapabbhārā samuddaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati, evamevāyaṃ bhoto gotamassa parisā sagahaṭṭhapabbajitā nibbānaninnā nibbānapoṇā nibbānapabbhārā nibbānaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati. |
Just as the Ganges river slants, slopes, and inclines towards the ocean, and keeps pushing into the ocean, in the same way Master Gotama’s assembly—with both laypeople and renunciates—slants, slopes, and inclines towards nirvana, and keeps pushing into nirvana. |
正如恒河斜向、倾斜、倾向于海洋，并不断汇入海洋一样，乔达摩大师的僧团——包括在家众和出家众——也斜向、倾斜、倾向于涅槃，并不断汇入涅槃。 |
| Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama … pe … |
Excellent, Master Gotama! … |
太好了，乔达摩大师！…… |
| esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. |
I go for refuge to Master Gotama, to the teaching, and to the monk Saṅgha. |
我皈依乔达摩大师，皈依佛法，皈依僧伽。 |
| Labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadan”ti. |
Sir, may I receive the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence?” |
先生，我可以在佛陀面前出家受戒吗？” |
| “Yo kho, vaccha, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati. Catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya; |
“Vaccha, if someone formerly ordained in another sect wishes to take the going forth, the ordination in this teaching and training, they must spend four months on probation. When four months have passed, if the monks are satisfied, they’ll give the going forth, the ordination into monkhood. |
“婆蹉，如果有人之前在外道出家，希望在此教法和训练中出家受戒，他们必须接受四个月的考察。四个月期满，如果比丘们满意，他们就会给予出家受戒，成为比丘。 |
| api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā”ti. |
However, I have recognized individual differences in this matter.” |
然而，我在这件事上承认个体差异。” |
| “Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhantā pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhantā upasampadaṃ cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya; ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi. Catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā”ti. |
“Sir, if four months probation are required in such a case, I’ll spend four years on probation. When four years have passed, if the monks are satisfied, let them give me the going forth, the ordination into monkhood.” |
“先生，如果在这种情况下需要四个月的考察，我愿意考察四年。四年期满，如果比丘们满意，就请他们给我出家受戒，成为比丘。” |
| Alattha kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ alattha upasampadaṃ. |
And the wanderer Vaccha received the going forth, the ordination in the Buddha’s presence. |
于是，跋迦姓游方者在佛陀面前出家受戒。 |
| Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā vacchagotto addhamāsūpasampanno yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā vacchagotto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
Not long after his ordination, a fortnight later, Venerable Vacchagotta went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him: |
出家不久，半个月后，跋迦姓尊者来到佛陀面前，顶礼后坐到一边，对他说： |
| “yāvatakaṃ, bhante, sekhena ñāṇena sekhāya vijjāya pattabbaṃ, anuppattaṃ taṃ mayā; |
“Sir, I’ve reached as far as possible with the knowledge and understanding of a trainee. |
“先生，我已达到学人的知识和理解的极限。 |
| uttari ca me bhagavā dhammaṃ desetū”ti. |
Please teach me further.” |
请您进一步教导我。” |
| So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi: |
Whenever you want, you’ll be capable of realizing the following, in each and every case: |
每当你想要的时候，你都能够在每一种情况下实现以下目标： |
| ‘anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhaveyyaṃ—ekopi hutvā bahudhā assaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko assaṃ; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gaccheyyaṃ, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ kareyyaṃ, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gaccheyyaṃ, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kameyyaṃ, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimaseyyaṃ, parimajjeyyaṃ; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteyyan’ti, |
‘May I wield the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying myself and becoming one again; appearing and disappearing; going unimpeded through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with my hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful; controlling my body as far as the Brahmā realm.’ |
“愿我能运用多种神通：分身再合一；显身和隐身；穿墙、穿堡垒、穿山如穿过空间；潜入地下又钻出如在水中；在水上行走如在地上；盘腿在空中飞行如鸟；用手触摸和抚摸如此强大有力的太阳和月亮；控制我的身体远至梵天界。” |
| tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane. (1) |
|
|
| So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi: |
Whenever you want, you’ll be capable of realizing the following, in each and every case: |
每当你想要的时候，你都能够在每一种情况下实现以下目标： |
| ‘dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇeyyaṃ—dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike cā’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane. (2) |
‘With clairaudience that is purified and superhuman, may I hear both kinds of sounds, human and divine, whether near or far.’ |
“愿我以清净超人的天耳通，听到人声和天声两种声音，无论远近。” |
| So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi: |
Whenever you want, you’ll be capable of realizing the following, in each and every case: |
每当你想要的时候，你都能够在每一种情况下实现以下目标： |
| ‘parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajāneyyaṃ—sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ sadosaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ vītadosaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; samohaṃ vā cittaṃ samohaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ vītamohaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; saṅkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ saṅkhittaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ vikkhittaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ mahaggataṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ amahaggataṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ sauttaraṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ anuttaraṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samāhitaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ asamāhitaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajāneyyan’ti, |
‘May I understand the minds of other beings and individuals, having comprehended them with my mind. May I understand mind with greed as “mind with greed”, and mind without greed as “mind without greed”; mind with hate as “mind with hate”, and mind without hate as “mind without hate”; mind with delusion as “mind with delusion”, and mind without delusion as “mind without delusion”; contracted mind as “contracted mind”, and scattered mind as “scattered mind”; expansive mind as “expansive mind”, and unexpansive mind as “unexpansive mind”; mind that is not supreme as “mind that is not supreme”, and mind that is supreme as “mind that is supreme”; mind undistractified-&-lucidified in samādhi as “mind undistractified-&-lucidified in samādhi”, and mind not undistractified-&-lucidified in samādhi as “mind not undistractified-&-lucidified in samādhi”; freed mind as “freed mind”, and unfreed mind as “unfreed mind”.’ |
“愿我以心理解其他众生和个体的思想。愿我理解有贪婪的心为‘有贪婪的心’，无贪婪的心为‘无贪婪的心’；有嗔恨的心为‘有嗔恨的心’，无嗔恨的心为‘无嗔恨的心’；有愚痴的心为‘有愚痴的心’，无愚痴的心为‘无愚痴的心’；收缩的心为‘收缩的心’，散乱的心为‘散乱的心’；广阔的心为‘广阔的心’，不广阔的心为‘不广阔的心’；非至上的心为‘非至上的心’，至上的心为‘至上的心’；在禅定中不散乱清澈的心为‘在禅定中不散乱清澈的心’，不在禅定中不散乱清澈的心为‘不在禅定中不散乱清澈的心’；解脱的心为‘解脱的心’，未解脱的心为‘未解脱的心’。” |
| tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane. (3) |
|
|
| So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi: |
Whenever you want, you’ll be capable of realizing the following, in each and every case: |
每当你想要的时候，你都能够在每一种情况下实现以下目标： |
| ‘anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyyaṃ, seyyathidaṃ—ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi; anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe—amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṅgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti; iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyyan’ti, |
‘May I recollect many kinds of past lives. That is: one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, a hundred, a thousand, a hundred thousand rebirths; many eons of the world contracting, many eons of the world evolving, many eons of the world contracting and evolving. May I remember: “There, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn somewhere else. There, too, I was named this, my clan was that, I looked like this, and that was my food. This was how I felt pleasure and pain, and that was how my life ended. When I passed away from that place I was reborn here.” May I recollect my many past lives, with features and details.’ |
“愿我忆起多种前生。即：一世、两世、三世、四世、五世、十世、二十世、三十世、四十世、五十世、一百世、一千世、十万世的转生；许多世界劫的收缩，许多世界劫的演变，许多世界劫的收缩和演变。愿我忆起：‘在那里，我名叫某某，我的氏族是某某，我长这样，那是我的食物。我这样感受乐和苦，我的生命那样结束。当我从那个地方去世后，我转生到别处。在那里，我也名叫某某，我的氏族是某某，我长这样，那是我的食物。我这样感受乐和苦，我的生命那样结束。当我从那个地方去世后，我转生到这里。’愿我忆起我的许多前生，带有特征和细节。” |
| tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane. (4) |
|
|
| So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi: |
Whenever you want, you’ll be capable of realizing the following, in each and every case: |
每当你想要的时候，你都能够在每一种情况下实现以下目标： |
| ‘dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passeyyaṃ cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajāneyyaṃ—ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā; ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannāti; iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passeyyaṃ cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajāneyyan’ti, |
‘With clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, may I see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place—and understand how sentient beings are reborn according to their deeds: “These dear beings did bad things by way of body, speech, and mind. They spoke ill of the noble ones; they had wrong view; and they chose to act out of that wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. These dear beings, however, did good things by way of body, speech, and mind. They never spoke ill of the noble ones; they had right view; and they chose to act out of that right view. When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.” And so, with clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman, may I see sentient beings passing away and being reborn—inferior and superior, beautiful and ugly, in a good place or a bad place. And may I understand how sentient beings are reborn according to their deeds.’ |
“愿我以清净超人的天眼通，看见众生死去和投生——卑劣和优越，美丽和丑陋，在好地方或坏地方——并理解众生如何根据他们的业力投生：‘这些可爱的众生通过身、语、意做了坏事。他们诽谤圣者；他们有邪见；他们选择按照那邪见行事。当他们的身体瓦解，死后，他们转生到损失之地，一个坏地方，地狱。然而，这些可爱的众生通过身、语、意做了好事。他们从不诽谤圣者；他们有正见；他们选择按照那正见行事。当他们的身体瓦解，死后，他们转生到一个好地方，一个天界。’因此，愿我以清净超人的天眼通，看见众生死去和投生——卑劣和优越，美丽和丑陋，在好地方或坏地方。并愿我理解众生如何根据他们的业力投生。” |
| tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane. (5) |
|
|
| So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi: |
Whenever you want, you’ll be capable of realizing the following, in each and every case: |
每当你想要的时候，你都能够在每一种情况下实现以下目标： |
| ‘āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyyan’ti, |
‘May I realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life, and live having realized it with my own insight due to the ending of defilements.’ |
“愿我在此生证得无染的心解脱和慧解脱，并因烦恼的止息而以自己的洞察力证得并安住。” |
| tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane”ti. (6) |
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| Atha kho āyasmā vacchagotto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. |
And then Venerable Vacchagotta approved and agreed with what the Buddha said. He got up from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving. |
然后，尊者跋蹉种接受并同意佛陀所说的。他从座位上起身，向佛陀鞠躬，恭敬地右绕佛陀，然后离开。 |
| Atha kho āyasmā vacchagotto eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ—brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. |
Then Vacchagotta, living alone, withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, soon realized the supreme end of the spiritual path in this very life. He lived having achieved with his own insight the goal for which people from good families rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness. |
然后，跋蹉种独自一人，离群索居，精进、热忱、坚定，很快就在此生证得了灵性道路的最高目标。他以自己的洞察力证得了善家弟子出家寻求无家生活的目的。 |
| “Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi. |
He understood: “Rebirth is ended; the spiritual journey has been completed; what had to be done has been done; there is no return to any state of existence.” |
他明白了：“轮回已尽；灵性之旅已完成；该做的都已做完；不再回到任何存在状态。” |
| Aññataro kho panāyasmā vacchagotto arahataṃ ahosi. |
And Venerable Vacchagotta became one of the perfected. |
尊者跋蹉种成为了一位阿罗汉。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ dassanāya gacchanti. |
Now at that time several monks were going to see the Buddha. |
那时，有几位比丘正要去拜见佛陀。 |
| Addasā kho āyasmā vacchagotto te bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante. |
Vacchagotta saw them coming off in the distance, |
跋蹉种远远地看见他们走来， |
| Disvāna yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca: |
went up to them, and said: |
便上前对他们说： |
| “handa kahaṃ pana tumhe āyasmanto gacchathā”ti? |
“Hello venerables, where are you going?” |
“尊者们好，你们要去哪里？” |
| “Bhagavantaṃ kho mayaṃ, āvuso, dassanāya gacchāmā”ti. |
“Reverend, we are going to see the Buddha.” |
“尊者，我们正要去拜见佛陀。” |
| “Tenahāyasmanto mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha, evañca vadetha: |
“Well then, reverends, in my name please bow with your head to the Buddha’s feet and say: |
“那么，尊者们，请替我向佛陀的足下顶礼，并说： |
| ‘vacchagotto, bhante, bhikkhu bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti— |
‘Sir, the monk Vacchagotta bows with his head to your feet and says: |
‘世尊，比丘跋蹉种向您的足下顶礼，并说： |
| pariciṇṇo me bhagavā, pariciṇṇo me sugato’”ti. |
“I have served the Blessed One! I have served the Holy One!”’” |
“我已侍奉世尊！我已侍奉圣者！”’” |
| “Evamāvuso”ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato vacchagottassa paccassosuṃ. |
“Yes, reverend,” they replied. |
“是的，尊者。”他们回答说。 |
| Atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ: |
Then those monks went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him: |
然后，那些比丘走到佛陀那里，顶礼，坐在一旁，对他说： |
| “āyasmā, bhante, vacchagotto bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti: |
“Sir, the monk Vacchagotta bows with his head to your feet and says: |
“世尊，比丘跋蹉种向您的足下顶礼，并说： |
| ‘pariciṇṇo me bhagavā, pariciṇṇo me sugato’”ti. |
‘I have served the Blessed One! I have served the Holy One!’” |
‘我已侍奉世尊！我已侍奉圣者！’” |
| “Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, vacchagotto bhikkhu cetasā ceto paricca vidito: |
“I’ve already comprehended Vacchagotta’s mind and understood that |
“我早已了知跋蹉种的心，并理解他 |
| ‘tevijjo vacchagotto bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’ti. |
he has the three knowledges, and is very mighty and powerful. |
拥有三明，并且非常强大有力。 |
| Devatāpi me etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ: |
And deities also told me.” |
诸天也告诉我了。” |
| ‘tevijjo, bhante, vacchagotto bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’”ti. |
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