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(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
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| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
所得。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākaccāno madhurāyaṃ viharati gundāvane. |
At one time Venerable Mahākaccāna was staying near Madhurā, in Gunda’s Grove. |
一時，尊者摩訶迦旃延住於馬度拉附近，在貢達的林園中。 |
| Assosi kho rājā mādhuro avantiputto: |
King Avantiputta of Madhurā heard: |
馬度拉的阿槃提子王聽聞： |
| “samaṇo khalu, bho, kaccāno madhurāyaṃ viharati gundāvane. |
“It seems the ascetic Kaccāna is staying near Madhurā, in Gunda’s Grove. |
“看來，沙門迦旃延正住於馬度拉附近，在貢達的林園中。 |
| Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ kaccānaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: |
He has this good reputation: |
他有這樣的好名聲： |
| ‘paṇḍito viyatto medhāvī bahussuto cittakathī kalyāṇapaṭibhāno vuddho ceva arahā ca’. |
‘He is astute, competent, clever, learned, a brilliant speaker, eloquent, mature, a perfected one.’ |
‘他敏銳，能幹，聰明，博學，善於言談，口才流暢，成熟，是個圓滿者。’ |
| Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī”ti. |
It’s good to see such perfected ones.” |
見到這樣圓滿的人是很好的。” |
| Atha kho rājā mādhuro avantiputto bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi madhurāya niyyāsi mahaccarājānubhāvena āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ dassanāya. |
And then King Avantiputta said: “Give away all the different foods that have been prepared there.” He had the finest carriages harnessed. Then he mounted a fine carriage and, along with other fine carriages, set out in full royal pomp from Madhurā to see Mahākaccāna. |
於是阿槃提子王說：“把那裡準備好的各種食物都施捨出去。”他套上了最好的馬車。然後他坐上一輛好馬車，與其他好馬車一同，以完全的王家排場從馬度拉出發，去見摩訶迦旃延。 |
| Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākaccānena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā mādhuro avantiputto āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca: |
He went by carriage as far as the terrain allowed, then descended and approached Mahākaccāna on foot. They exchanged greetings, and when the greetings and polite conversation were over, the king sat down to one side and said to Mahākaccāna: |
他乘馬車行進到地形允許的最遠處，然後下車，步行接近摩訶迦旃延。他們互相問候，問候和客氣的談話結束後，國王坐到一邊，對摩訶迦旃延說： |
| “brāhmaṇā, bho kaccāna, evamāhaṃsu: |
“Master Kaccāna, the brahmins say: |
“迦旃延大師，婆羅門們說： |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; |
‘Only brahmins are the highest caste; other castes are inferior. |
‘只有婆羅門是最高種姓；其他種姓都較低。 |
| brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; |
Only brahmins are the light caste; other castes are dark. |
只有婆羅門是光明種姓；其他種姓是黑暗。 |
| brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; |
Only brahmins are purified, not others. |
只有婆羅門是潔淨的，其他人不是。 |
| brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. |
Only brahmins are Brahmā’s rightful sons, born of his mouth, born of Brahmā, created by Brahmā, heirs of Brahmā.’ |
只有婆羅門是梵天的合法兒子，從他的口中出生，從梵天出生，由梵天創造，梵天的繼承者。’ |
| Idha bhavaṃ kaccāno kimakkhāyī”ti? |
What does Master Kaccāna have to say about this?” |
迦旃延大師對此有何看法？” |
| “Ghosoyeva kho eso, mahārāja, lokasmiṃ: |
“Great king, that’s just propaganda. |
“大王，那只是宣傳而已。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; |
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| brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; |
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| brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; |
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| brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. |
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| Tadamināpetaṃ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṃ: |
And here’s a way to understand that it’s just propaganda. |
這是一種理解，它只不過是宣傳。 |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
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| brahmadāyādā’ti. |
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| Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| khattiyassa cepi ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā khattiyopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī … |
Suppose an aristocrat prospers in money, grain, silver, or gold. Wouldn’t there be aristocrats, brahmins, merchants, and workers who would get up before him and go to bed after him, and be obliging, behaving nicely and speaking politely?” |
假設一個剎帝利在金錢、穀物、白銀或黃金方面都很富裕。難道沒有剎帝利、婆羅門、商人、工人會比他早起晚睡，並且樂於助人，行為良好，言語禮貌嗎？ |
| brāhmaṇopissāssa … |
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| vessopissāssa … |
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| suddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti? |
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| “Khattiyassa cepi, bho kaccāna, ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā khattiyopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī … |
“There would, Master Kaccāna.” |
“會有，迦旃延大師。” |
| brāhmaṇopissāssa … |
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| vessopissāssa … |
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| suddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti. |
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| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, suddassa cepi ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā suddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī … |
a worker prospers in money, grain, silver, or gold. Wouldn’t there be workers, aristocrats, brahmins, and merchants who would get up before him and go to bed after him, and be obliging, behaving nicely and speaking politely?” |
一個工人，在金錢、穀物、白銀或黃金方面都很富裕。難道沒有工人、剎帝利、婆羅門、商人會比他早起晚睡，並且樂於助人，行為良好，言語禮貌嗎？ |
| khattiyopissāssa … |
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| brāhmaṇopissāssa … |
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| vessopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti? |
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| “Suddassa cepi, bho kaccāna, ijjheyya dhanena vā dhaññena vā rajatena vā jātarūpena vā suddopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādīti … |
“There would, Master Kaccāna.” |
“會有，迦旃延大師。” |
| khattiyopissāssa … |
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| brāhmaṇopissāssa … |
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| vessopissāssa pubbuṭṭhāyī pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī”ti. |
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| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
“What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| yadi evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā? |
If this is so, are the four castes equal or not? |
如果這樣，四個種姓是平等的還是不平等的？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti. |
“Certainly, Master Kaccāna, in this case these four castes are equal. |
“確實，迦旃延大師，在這種情況下，這四個種姓是平等的。 |
| Nesaṃ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ samanupassāmī”ti. |
I can’t see any difference between them.” |
我看不到他們之間有任何區別。” |
| “Imināpi kho etaṃ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṃ: |
“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just propaganda. |
這也是一種理解，婆羅門的聲稱只不過是宣傳。 |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
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| brahmadāyādā’ti. |
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| Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idhassa khattiyo pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya no vā? |
Take an aristocrat who kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct; uses speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and is covetous, malicious, and has wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell, or not? |
假設一個剎帝利殺害眾生、偷盜、邪淫；使用虛假、離間、粗惡或無意義的語言；貪婪、惡意、有邪見。當他們身體毀壞，死後，會投生到惡趣、惡處、地獄，還是不會？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Khattiyopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya. |
“Such an aristocrat would be reborn in a bad place. |
“這樣的剎帝利會投生到惡處。 |
| Evaṃ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṃ arahataṃ sutan”ti. |
That’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.” |
我這麼認為，但我也從圓滿者那裡聽說過。” |
| “Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja. |
“Good, good, great king! |
“善哉，善哉，大王！ |
| Sādhu kho te etaṃ, mahārāja, evaṃ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṃ arahataṃ sutaṃ. |
It’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones. |
你這樣想很好，你從圓滿者那裡聽說也很好。 |
| Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idhassa brāhmaṇo … pe … |
Take a brahmin … |
假設一個婆羅門…… |
| idhassa vesso … pe … |
a merchant … |
一個商人…… |
| idhassa suddo pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya no vā? |
a worker who kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct; uses speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and is covetous, malicious, and has wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell, or not? |
一個工人，殺害眾生、偷盜、邪淫；使用虛假、離間、粗惡或無意義的語言；貪婪、惡意、有邪見。當他們身體毀壞，死後，會投生到惡趣、惡處、地獄，還是不會？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Suddopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya. |
“Such a brahmin, merchant, or worker would be reborn in a bad place. |
“這樣的婆羅門、商人或工人會投生到惡處。 |
| Evaṃ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṃ arahataṃ sutan”ti. |
That’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.” |
我這麼認為，但我也從圓滿者那裡聽說過。” |
| “Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja. |
“Good, good, great king! |
“善哉，善哉，大王！ |
| Sādhu kho te etaṃ, mahārāja, evaṃ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṃ arahataṃ sutaṃ. |
It’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones. |
你這樣想很好，你從圓滿者那裡聽說也很好。 |
| Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| yadi evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā? |
If this is so, are the four castes equal or not? |
如果這樣，四個種姓是平等的還是不平等的？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti. |
“Certainly, Master Kaccāna, in this case these four castes are equal. |
“確實，迦旃延大師，在這種情況下，這四個種姓是平等的。 |
| Nesaṃ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ samanupassāmī”ti. |
I can’t see any difference between them.” |
我看不到他們之間有任何區別。” |
| “Imināpi kho etaṃ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṃ: |
“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just propaganda. |
這也是一種理解，婆羅門的聲稱只不過是宣傳。 |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
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| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idhassa khattiyo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato, samphappalāpā paṭivirato, anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya no vā? |
Take an aristocrat who doesn’t kill living creatures, steal, or commit sexual misconduct. They don’t use speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm, or not? |
假設一個剎帝利不殺害眾生、不偷盜、不邪淫。他們不使用虛假、離間、粗惡或無意義的語言。而且他們知足、心善、有正見。當他們身體毀壞，死後，會投生到善處，天界，還是不會？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Khattiyopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato, samphappalāpā paṭivirato, anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya. |
“Such an aristocrat would be reborn in a good place. |
“這樣的剎帝利會投生到善處。 |
| Evaṃ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṃ arahataṃ sutan”ti. |
That’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.” |
我這麼認為，但我也從圓滿者那裡聽說過。” |
| “Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja. |
“Good, good, great king! |
“善哉，善哉，大王！ |
| Sādhu kho te etaṃ, mahārāja, evaṃ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṃ arahataṃ sutaṃ. |
It’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones. |
你這樣想很好，你從圓滿者那裡聽說也很好。 |
| Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idhassa brāhmaṇo, idhassa vesso, idhassa suddo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya no vā? |
Take a brahmin, merchant, or worker who doesn’t kill living creatures, steal, or commit sexual misconduct. They don’t use speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, with right view. When their body breaks up, after death, would they be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm, or not? |
假設一個婆羅門、商人或工人，不殺害眾生、不偷盜、不邪淫。他們不使用虛假、離間、粗惡或無意義的語言。而且他們知足、心善、有正見。當他們身體毀壞，死後，會投生到善處，天界，還是不會？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Suddopi hi, bho kaccāna, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya. |
“Such a brahmin, merchant, or worker would be reborn in a good place. |
“這樣的婆羅門、商人或工人會投生到善處。 |
| Evaṃ me ettha hoti, evañca pana me etaṃ arahataṃ sutan”ti. |
That’s what I think, but I’ve also heard it from the perfected ones.” |
我這麼認為，但我也從圓滿者那裡聽說過。” |
| “Sādhu sādhu, mahārāja. |
“Good, good, great king! |
“善哉，善哉，大王！ |
| Sādhu kho te etaṃ, mahārāja, evaṃ hoti, sādhu ca pana te etaṃ arahataṃ sutaṃ. |
It’s good that you think so, and it’s good that you’ve heard it from the perfected ones. |
你這樣想很好，你從圓滿者那裡聽說也很好。 |
| Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| yadi evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā? |
If this is so, are the four castes equal or not? |
如果這樣，四個種姓是平等的還是不平等的？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti. |
“Certainly, Master Kaccāna, in this case these four castes are equal. |
“確實，迦旃延大師，在這種情況下，這四個種姓是平等的。 |
| Nesaṃ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ samanupassāmī”ti. |
I can’t see any difference between them.” |
我看不到他們之間有任何區別。” |
| “Imināpi kho etaṃ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṃ: |
“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just propaganda. |
這也是一種理解，婆羅門的聲稱只不過是宣傳。 |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
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| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idha khattiyo sandhiṃ vā chindeyya, nillopaṃ vā hareyya, ekāgārikaṃ vā kareyya, paripanthe vā tiṭṭheyya, paradāraṃ vā gaccheyya, tañce te purisā gahetvā dasseyyuṃ: |
Take an aristocrat who breaks into houses, plunders wealth, steals from isolated buildings, commits highway robbery, and commits adultery. Suppose your men arrest him and present him to you, saying: |
假設一個剎帝利破門而入，劫掠財物，從偏僻建築物偷竊，在公路上搶劫，並且犯下通姦罪。假設你的手下逮捕了他，把他交給你，說： |
| ‘ayaṃ te, deva, coro āgucārī. |
‘Your Majesty, this man is a bandit, a criminal. |
“陛下，這個人是強盜，是罪犯。 |
| Imassa yaṃ icchasi taṃ daṇḍaṃ paṇehī’ti. |
Punish him as you will.’ |
請您隨意懲罰他。” |
| Kinti naṃ kareyyāsī”ti? |
What would you do to him?” |
你會怎麼對待他？ |
| “Ghāteyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, jāpeyyāma vā pabbājeyyāma vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā kareyyāma. |
“I would have him executed, fined, or banished, or dealt with as befits the crime. |
“我會判他死刑、罰款或流放，或者按照罪行處理。 |
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
Why is that? |
為什麼呢？ |
| Yā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘khattiyo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; corotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī”ti. |
Because he’s lost his former status as an aristocrat, and is just reckoned as a bandit.” |
因為他已經失去了他原來的剎帝利身份，只被視為一個強盜。” |
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
“What do you think, great king? |
“大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idha brāhmaṇo, idha vesso, idha suddo sandhiṃ vā chindeyya, nillopaṃ vā hareyya, ekāgārikaṃ vā kareyya, paripanthe vā tiṭṭheyya, paradāraṃ vā gaccheyya, tañce te purisā gahetvā dasseyyuṃ: |
Take a brahmin, merchant, or worker who breaks into houses, plunders wealth, steals from isolated buildings, commits highway robbery, and commits adultery. Suppose your men arrest him and present him to you, saying: |
假設一個婆羅門、商人或工人，破門而入，劫掠財物，從偏僻建築物偷竊，在公路上搶劫，並且犯下通姦罪。假設你的手下逮捕了他，把他交給你，說： |
| ‘ayaṃ te, deva, coro āgucārī. |
‘Your Majesty, this man is a bandit, a criminal. |
“陛下，這個人是強盜，是罪犯。 |
| Imassa yaṃ icchasi taṃ daṇḍaṃ paṇehī’ti. |
Punish him as you will.’ |
請您隨意懲罰他。” |
| Kinti naṃ kareyyāsī”ti? |
What would you do to him?” |
你會怎麼對待他？ |
| “Ghāteyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, jāpeyyāma vā pabbājeyyāma vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā kareyyāma. |
“I would have him executed, fined, or banished, or dealt with as befits the crime. |
“我會判他死刑、罰款或流放，或者按照罪行處理。 |
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
Why is that? |
為什麼呢？ |
| Yā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘suddo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; corotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī”ti. |
Because he’s lost his former status as a brahmin, merchant, or worker, and is just reckoned as a bandit.” |
因為他已經失去了他原來的婆羅門、商人或工人身份，只被視為一個強盜。” |
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
“What do you think, great king? |
“大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| yadi evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā? |
If this is so, are the four castes equal or not? |
如果這樣，四個種姓是平等的還是不平等的？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti. |
“Certainly, Master Kaccāna, in this case these four castes are equal. |
“確實，迦旃延大師，在這種情況下，這四個種姓是平等的。 |
| Nesaṃ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ samanupassāmī”ti. |
I can’t see any difference between them.” |
我看不到他們之間有任何區別。” |
| “Imināpi kho etaṃ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṃ: |
“And here’s another way to understand that the claims of the brahmins are just propaganda. |
這也是一種理解，婆羅門的聲稱只不過是宣傳。 |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
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| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
What do you think, great king? |
大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idha khattiyo kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito assa virato pāṇātipātā, virato adinnādānā, virato musāvādā, rattūparato, ekabhattiko, brahmacārī, sīlavā, kalyāṇadhammo. |
Take an aristocrat who shaves off their hair and beard, dresses in ocher robes, and goes forth from the lay life to homelessness. They refrain from killing living creatures, stealing, and lying. They abstain from eating at night, eat in one part of the day, and are celibate, ethical, and of good character. |
假設一個剎帝利剃除鬚髮，穿上袈裟，從在家生活出家，過著無家生活。他戒殺生、偷盜、妄語。他不非時食，日中一食，並且是梵行者、有道德、品行良好。 |
| Kinti naṃ kareyyāsī”ti? |
How would you treat them?” |
你會如何對待他們？ |
| “Abhivādeyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, paccuṭṭheyyāma vā āsanena vā nimanteyyāma abhinimanteyyāma vā naṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi dhammikaṃ vā assa rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṃ saṃvidaheyyāma. |
“I would bow to them, rise in their presence, or offer them a seat. I’d invite them to accept robes, alms-food, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And I’d arrange for their lawful guarding and protection. |
“我會向他們頂禮，在他們面前起身，或者為他們提供座位。我會邀請他們接受袈裟、食物、住處、以及病人的藥品和必需品。我還會安排對他們的合法守護和保護。 |
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
Why is that? |
為什麼呢？ |
| Yā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘khattiyo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; samaṇotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī”ti. |
Because they’ve lost their former status as an aristocrat, and are just reckoned as an ascetic.” |
因為他們已經失去了他原來的剎帝利身份，只被視為一個沙門。” |
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
“What do you think, great king? |
“大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| idha brāhmaṇo, idha vesso, idha suddo kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito assa virato pāṇātipātā, virato adinnādānā virato musāvādā, rattūparato, ekabhattiko, brahmacārī, sīlavā, kalyāṇadhammo. |
Take a brahmin, merchant, or worker who shaves off their hair and beard, dresses in ocher robes, and goes forth from the lay life to homelessness. They refrain from killing living creatures, stealing, and lying. They abstain from eating at night, eat in one part of the day, and are celibate, ethical, and of good character. |
假設一個婆羅門、商人或工人，剃除鬚髮，穿上袈裟，從在家生活出家，過著無家生活。他們戒殺生、偷盜、妄語。他們不非時食，日中一食，並且是梵行者、有道德、品行良好。 |
| Kinti naṃ kareyyāsī”ti? |
How would you treat them?” |
你會如何對待他們？ |
| “Abhivādeyyāma vā, bho kaccāna, paccuṭṭheyyāma vā āsanena vā nimanteyyāma abhinimanteyyāma vā naṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi dhammikaṃ vā assa rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṃ saṃvidaheyyāma. |
“I would bow to them, rise in their presence, or offer them a seat. I’d invite them to accept robes, alms-food, lodgings, and medicines and supplies for the sick. And I’d arrange for their lawful guarding and protection. |
“我會向他們頂禮，在他們面前起身，或者為他們提供座位。我會邀請他們接受袈裟、食物、住處、以及病人的藥品和必需品。我還會安排對他們的合法守護和保護。 |
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
Why is that? |
為什麼呢？ |
| Yā hissa, bho kaccāna, pubbe ‘suddo’ti samaññā sāssa antarahitā; samaṇotveva saṅkhyaṃ gacchatī”ti. |
Because they’ve lost their former status as a brahmin, merchant, or worker, and are just reckoned as an ascetic.” |
因為他們已經失去了他原來的婆羅門、商人或工人身份，只被視為一個沙門。” |
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, |
“What do you think, great king? |
“大王，你認為怎麼樣？ |
| yadi evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti no vā? |
If this is so, are the four castes equal or not? |
如果這樣，四個種姓是平等的還是不平等的？ |
| Kathaṃ vā te ettha hotī”ti? |
Or how do you see this?” |
或者你怎麼看這個問題？ |
| “Addhā kho, bho kaccāna, evaṃ sante, ime cattāro vaṇṇā samasamā honti. |
“Certainly, Master Kaccāna, in this case these four castes are equal. |
“確實，迦旃延大師，在這種情況下，這四個種姓是平等的。 |
| Nesaṃ ettha kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ samanupassāmī”ti. |
I can’t see any difference between them.” |
我看不到他們之間有任何區別。” |
| “Imināpi kho etaṃ, mahārāja, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā ghosoyeveso lokasmiṃ: |
“This is another way to understand that this is just propaganda: |
這也是一種理解，這只不過是宣傳： |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; |
‘Only brahmins are the highest caste; other castes are inferior. |
“只有婆羅門是最高種姓；其他種姓都較低。 |
| brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; |
Only brahmins are the light caste; other castes are dark. |
只有婆羅門是光明種姓；其他種姓是黑暗。 |
| brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; |
Only brahmins are purified, not others. |
只有婆羅門是潔淨的，其他人不是。 |
| brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
Only brahmins are Brahmā’s rightful sons, born of his mouth, born of Brahmā, created by Brahmā, heirs of Brahmā.’” |
只有婆羅門是梵天的合法兒子，從他的口中出生，從梵天出生，由梵天創造，梵天的繼承者。” |
| Evaṃ vutte, rājā mādhuro avantiputto āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca: |
When he had spoken, King Avantiputta of Madhurā said to Mahākaccāna: |
他說完之後，馬度拉的阿槃提子王對摩訶迦旃延說： |
| “abhikkantaṃ, bho kaccāna, abhikkantaṃ, bho kaccāna. |
“Excellent, Master Kaccāna! Excellent! |
“太好了，迦旃延大師！太好了！ |
| Seyyathāpi, bho kaccāna, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā kaccānena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. |
As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with good eyes can see what’s there, Master Kaccāna has made the teaching clear in many ways. |
迦旃延大師以多種方式闡明了教義，就像扶正了顛倒的，揭示了隱藏的，指出了迷失的道路，或者在黑暗中點亮了一盞燈，讓視力好的人能看清事物一樣。 |
| Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ kaccānaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. |
I go for refuge to Master Kaccāna, to the teaching, and to the monk Saṅgha. |
我歸依迦旃延大師，歸依教義，歸依僧伽。 |
| Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ kaccāno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. |
From this day forth, may Master Kaccāna remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.” |
從今天起，願迦旃延大師記住我是一個終身歸依的在家信徒。” |
| “Mā kho maṃ tvaṃ, mahārāja, saraṇaṃ agamāsi. |
“Great king, don’t go for refuge to me. |
“大王，不要歸依我。 |
| Tameva tvaṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gaccha yamahaṃ saraṇaṃ gato”ti. |
You should go for refuge to that same Blessed One to whom I have gone for refuge.” |
你應該歸依我所歸依的那位世尊。” |
| “Kahaṃ pana, bho kaccāna, etarahi so bhagavā viharati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti? |
“But where is that Blessed One at present, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha?” |
“但那位世尊，那位圓滿者，那位完全覺醒的佛陀現在在哪裡？” |
| “Parinibbuto kho, mahārāja, etarahi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho”ti. |
“Great king, the Buddha has already become fully nirvana'd.” |
“大王，佛陀已經完全涅槃了。” |
| “Sacepi mayaṃ, bho kaccāna, suṇeyyāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ dasasu yojanesu, dasapi mayaṃ yojanāni gaccheyyāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. |
“Master Kaccāna, if I heard that the Buddha was within ten leagues, or twenty, or even up to a hundred leagues away, I’d go a hundred leagues to see him. |
“迦旃延大師，如果我聽說佛陀在十由旬，或者二十，甚至一百由旬之外，我會走一百由旬去見他。 |
| Sacepi mayaṃ, bho kaccāna, suṇeyyāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ vīsatiyā yojanesu, tiṃsāya yojanesu, cattārīsāya yojanesu, paññāsāya yojanesu, paññāsampi mayaṃ yojanāni gaccheyyāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. |
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| Yojanasate cepi mayaṃ bho kaccāna, suṇeyyāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ, yojanasatampi mayaṃ gaccheyyāma taṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ. |
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| Yato ca, bho kaccāna, parinibbuto so bhagavā, parinibbutampi mayaṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. |
But since the Buddha has become fully nirvana'd, I go for refuge to that fully nirvana'd Buddha, to the teaching, and to the Saṅgha. |
但既然佛陀已經完全涅槃，我歸依那位完全涅槃的佛陀，歸依教義，歸依僧伽。 |
| Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ kaccāno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatan”ti. |
From this day forth, may Master Kaccāna remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life.” |
從今天起，願迦旃延大師記住我是一個終身歸依的在家信徒。” |
