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(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
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| Mahākammavibhaṅgasutta |
The Longer Analysis of karma |
业的详细分析 |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
我曾听闻。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Rājagaha, in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrels’ feeding ground. |
有一次，佛陀住在王舍城附近的竹林，也就是松鼠喂食的地方。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā samiddhi araññakuṭikāyaṃ viharati. |
Now at that time Venerable Samiddhi was staying in a wilderness hut. |
那时，萨密底尊者正住在一间旷野茅屋里。 |
| Atha kho potaliputto paribbājako jaṅghāvihāraṃ anucaṅkamamāno anuvicaramāno yenāyasmā samiddhi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā samiddhinā saddhiṃ sammodi. |
Then as the wanderer Potaliputta was going for a walk he came up to Venerable Samiddhi and exchanged greetings with him. |
然后，游方者波塔利普塔散步时来到萨密底尊者那里，并与他互相问候。 |
| Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho potaliputto paribbājako āyasmantaṃ samiddhiṃ etadavoca: |
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to him: |
问候和客套话结束后，他坐到一边，对他说： |
| “sammukhā metaṃ, āvuso samiddhi, samaṇassa gotamassa sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ: |
“Reverend Samiddhi, I have heard and learned this in the presence of the ascetic Gotama: |
“萨密底尊者，我在乔达摩苦行僧面前听闻并学到： |
| ‘moghaṃ kāyakammaṃ moghaṃ vacīkammaṃ, manokammameva saccan’ti. |
‘karma by way of body and speech are done in vain. Only mental karma are real.’ |
‘身业和语业是徒劳的。只有意业是真实的。’ |
| Atthi ca sā samāpatti yaṃ samāpattiṃ samāpanno na kiñci vediyatī”ti? |
And: ‘There is such an attainment where the one who enters it does not feel anything at all.’” |
还有：‘有这样一种成就，进入它的人什么也感觉不到。’” |
| “Mā hevaṃ, āvuso potaliputta, avaca; mā hevaṃ, āvuso potaliputta, avaca; mā bhagavantaṃ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṃ. Na hi bhagavā evaṃ vadeyya: |
“Don’t say that, Reverend Potaliputta, don’t say that! Don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for misrepresentation of the Buddha is not good. And the Buddha would not say this. |
“波塔利普塔尊者，不要那样说，不要那样说！不要歪曲佛陀，因为歪曲佛陀是不好的。佛陀不会说这样的话。 |
| ‘moghaṃ kāyakammaṃ moghaṃ vacīkammaṃ, manokammameva saccan’ti. |
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| ‘Atthi ca kho sā, āvuso, samāpatti yaṃ samāpattiṃ samāpanno na kiñci vediyatī’”ti. |
But, reverend, there is such an attainment where the one who enters it does not feel anything at all.” |
但是，尊者，确实有这样一种成就，进入它的人什么也感觉不到。” |
| “Kīvaciraṃ pabbajitosi, āvuso samiddhī”ti? |
“Reverend Samiddhi, how long has it been since you went forth?” |
“萨密底尊者，你出家多久了？” |
| “Na ciraṃ, āvuso, tīṇi vassānī”ti. |
“Not long, reverend: three years.” |
“不久，尊者：三年。” |
| “Ettha dāni mayaṃ there bhikkhū kiṃ vakkhāma, yatra hi nāma evaṃnavo bhikkhu satthāraṃ parirakkhitabbaṃ maññissati. |
“Well now, what are we to say to the senior monks, when even such a junior monk imagines their Teacher needs defending? |
“那么现在，我们对那些年长的比丘要说什么呢，即使是这样一位年轻的比丘也认为他们的老师需要辩护？ |
| Sañcetanikaṃ, āvuso samiddhi, kammaṃ katvā kāyena vācāya manasā kiṃ so vediyatī”ti? |
After doing an intentional karma by way of body, speech, or mind, reverend, what does one feel?” |
尊者，在做了身、语、意方面的有意之业后，人会感觉到什么？” |
| “Sañcetanikaṃ, āvuso potaliputta, kammaṃ katvā kāyena vācāya manasā dukkhaṃ so vediyatī”ti. |
“After doing an intentional karma by way of body, speech, or mind, reverend, one feels suffering.” |
“尊者，在做了身、语、意方面的有意之业后，人会感觉到痛苦。” |
| Atha kho potaliputto paribbājako āyasmato samiddhissa bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandi nappaṭikkosi; |
Then, neither approving nor dismissing Samiddhi’s statement, Potaliputta |
然后，波塔利普塔既不赞同也不反驳萨密底的说法， |
| anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. |
got up from his seat and left. |
从座位上站起来离开了。 |
| Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ samiddhiṃ etadavoca: |
When he had spoken, Ānanda said to him: |
他说完后，阿难对他说： |
| “atthi kho idaṃ, āvuso samiddhi, kathāpābhataṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. |
“Reverend Samiddhi, we should see the Buddha about this matter. |
“萨密底尊者，我们应该就此事去见佛陀。 |
| Āyāmāvuso samiddhi, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma; upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ bhagavato ārocessāma. |
Come, let’s go to the Buddha and inform him about this. |
来，我们去见佛陀，把这件事告诉他。 |
| Yathā no bhagavā byākarissati tathā naṃ dhāressāmā”ti. |
As he answers, so we’ll remember it.” |
他怎么回答，我们就怎么记住。” |
| “Evamāvuso”ti kho āyasmā samiddhi āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi. |
“Yes, reverend,” Samiddhi replied. |
“是的，尊者，”萨密底回答说。 |
| Atha kho āyasmā ca ānando āyasmā ca samiddhi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. |
Then Ānanda and Samiddhi went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, |
然后，阿难和萨密底来到佛陀面前，顶礼，坐到一边， |
| Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando yāvatako ahosi āyasmato samiddhissa potaliputtena paribbājakena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. |
and told him what had happened. |
并把发生的事情告诉了他。 |
| Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca: |
When they had spoken, the Buddha said to Ānanda: |
他们说完后，佛陀对阿难说： |
| “dassanampi kho ahaṃ, ānanda, potaliputtassa paribbājakassa nābhijānāmi, kuto panevarūpaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ? |
“I don’t recall even seeing the wanderer Potaliputta, Ānanda, so how could we have had such a discussion? |
“阿难，我甚至不记得见过游方者波塔利普塔，我们怎么会有这样的讨论呢？ |
| Iminā ca, ānanda, samiddhinā moghapurisena potaliputtassa paribbājakassa vibhajjabyākaraṇīyo pañho ekaṃsena byākato”ti. |
The wanderer Potaliputta’s question should have been answered after analyzing it, but this foolish person answered with a generalization.” |
游方者波塔利普塔的问题应该在分析之后回答，但这个愚蠢的人却用概括性的回答了。” |
| Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā udāyī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
When he said this, Venerable Udāyī said to him: |
他说这话时，优陀夷尊者对他说： |
| “sace pana, bhante, āyasmatā samiddhinā idaṃ sandhāya bhāsitaṃ— |
“But perhaps, sir, Venerable Samiddhi spoke in reference to the statement: |
“但是，先生，萨密底尊者也许是指这句话： |
| yaṃ kiñci vedayitaṃ taṃ dukkhasmin”ti. |
‘Suffering includes whatever is felt.’” |
‘凡是感受到的都包括痛苦。’” |
| Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi: |
Then the Buddha said to Venerable Ānanda: |
然后佛陀对阿难尊者说： |
| “passasi no tvaṃ, ānanda, imassa udāyissa moghapurisassa ummaṅgaṃ? |
“See how this foolish person Udāyī comes up with an idea? |
“看看这个愚蠢的优陀夷是怎么想出这个主意的？ |
| Aññāsiṃ kho ahaṃ, ānanda: |
I knew that |
我知道 |
| ‘idānevāyaṃ udāyī moghapuriso ummujjamāno ayoniso ummujjissatī’ti. |
he was going to come up with such an irrational idea. |
他会想出这样一个不合逻辑的主意。 |
| Ādiṃyeva, ānanda, potaliputtena paribbājakena tisso vedanā pucchitā. |
Right from the start Potaliputta asked about the three feelings. |
从一开始波塔利普塔就问了三种感受。 |
| Sacāyaṃ, ānanda, samiddhi moghapuriso potaliputtassa paribbājakassa evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākareyya: |
Suppose the foolish person Samiddhi had answered the wanderer Potaliputta’s question like this: |
假如这个愚蠢的萨密底这样回答游方者波塔利普塔的问题： |
| ‘sañcetanikaṃ, āvuso potaliputta, kammaṃ katvā kāyena vācāya manasā sukhavedanīyaṃ sukhaṃ so vedayati; |
‘After doing an intentional karma to be experienced as pleasant by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels pleasure. |
‘在做了身、语、意方面有意为乐的业后，人会感到快乐。 |
| sañcetanikaṃ, āvuso potaliputta, kammaṃ katvā kāyena vācāya manasā dukkhavedanīyaṃ dukkhaṃ so vedayati; |
After doing an intentional karma to be experienced as painful by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels pain. |
在做了身、语、意方面有意为苦的业后，人会感到痛苦。 |
| sañcetanikaṃ, āvuso potaliputta, kammaṃ katvā kāyena vācāya manasā adukkhamasukhavedanīyaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ so vedayatī’ti. |
After doing an intentional karma to be experienced as neutral by way of body, speech, or mind, one feels neutral.’ |
在做了身、语、意方面有意为不苦不乐的业后，人会感到不苦不乐。’ |
| Evaṃ byākaramāno kho, ānanda, samiddhi moghapuriso potaliputtassa paribbājakassa sammā byākaramāno byākareyya. |
Answering in this way, Samiddhi would have rightly answered Potaliputta. |
这样回答，萨密底就会正确地回答了波塔利普塔。 |
| “Etassa, bhagavā, kālo, etassa, sugata, kālo |
“Now is the time, Blessed One! Now is the time, Holy One! |
“正是时候，世尊！正是时候，圣者！ |
| yaṃ bhagavā mahākammavibhaṅgaṃ vibhajeyya. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī”ti. |
Let the Buddha explain the great analysis of karma. The monks will listen and remember it.” |
让佛陀解释业的伟大分析吧。比丘们会听并记住的。” |
| “Tena hānanda, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. |
“Well then, Ānanda, listen and pay close attention, I will speak.” |
“那么，阿难，仔细听，我将要说。” |
| “Evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. |
“Yes, sir,” Ānanda replied. |
“是的，先生，”阿难回答。 |
| Bhagavā etadavoca: |
The Buddha said this: |
佛陀说了这些： |
| “Cattārome, ānanda, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. |
“Ānanda, these four people are found in the world. |
“阿难，世上有这四种人。 |
| Katame cattāro? |
What four? |
哪四种？ |
| Idhānanda, ekacco puggalo idha pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti, pisuṇavāco hoti, pharusavāco hoti, samphappalāpī hoti, abhijjhālu hoti, byāpannacitto hoti, micchādiṭṭhi hoti. |
Some person here kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct. They use speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re covetous, malicious, and have wrong view. |
这里有些人杀生、偷盗、邪淫。他们说谎、挑拨离间、粗恶语、无意义语。他们贪婪、恶意，并有邪见。 |
| So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. (1) |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. |
他们身体分解，死后，投生到恶道、恶处、地狱。 |
| Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo idha pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti, pisuṇavāco hoti, pharusavāco hoti, samphappalāpī hoti, abhijjhālu hoti, byāpannacitto hoti, micchādiṭṭhi hoti. |
But some other person here kills living creatures, steals, and commits sexual misconduct. They use speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re covetous, malicious, and have wrong view. |
但这里另有些人杀生、偷盗、邪淫。他们说谎、挑拨离间、粗恶语、无意义语。他们贪婪、恶意，并有邪见。 |
| So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. (2) |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. |
他们身体分解，死后，投生到善道、天界。 |
| Idhānanda, ekacco puggalo idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, anabhijjhālu hoti, abyāpannacitto hoti, sammādiṭṭhi hoti. |
But some other person here refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, committing sexual misconduct, or using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, and have right view. |
但这里另有些人戒杀生、偷盗、邪淫，不使用妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语。他们知足、心善，并有正见。 |
| So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. (3) |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. |
他们身体分解，死后，投生到善道、天界。 |
| Idha panānanda, ekacco puggalo idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, anabhijjhālu hoti, abyāpannacitto hoti, sammādiṭṭhi hoti. |
But some other person here refrains from killing living creatures, stealing, committing sexual misconduct, or using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical. And they’re contented, kind-hearted, and have right view. |
但这里另有些人戒杀生、偷盗、邪淫，不使用妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语。他们知足、心善，并有正见。 |
| So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. (4) |
When their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. |
他们身体分解，死后，投生到恶道、恶处、地狱。 |
| Idhānanda, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati yathāsamāhite citte dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena amuṃ puggalaṃ passati— |
Now, some ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right focus—experiences an undistractible-lucidity of the heart of such a kind that it gives rise to clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman. With that clairvoyance they see that person |
现在，有些沙门或婆罗门——通过精进、坚定、投入和勤勉的努力，以及正确的专注——体验到一种不可分心的、澄明的内心，这种内心能生起清净、超人的天眼通。凭借这种天眼通，他们看到那个人 |
| idha pāṇātipātiṃ adinnādāyiṃ kāmesumicchācāriṃ musāvādiṃ pisuṇavācaṃ pharusavācaṃ samphappalāpiṃ abhijjhāluṃ byāpannacittaṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passati apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. |
here who killed living creatures, stole, and committed sexual misconduct; who used speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and who was covetous, malicious, and had wrong view. And they see that, when their body breaks up, after death, that person is reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. |
这里杀生、偷盗、邪淫；使用妄语、两舌、恶口、绮语；贪婪、恶意、有邪见。他们看到，那个人身体分解，死后，投生到恶道、恶处、地狱。 |
| So evamāha: |
They say: |
他们说： |
| ‘atthi kira, bho, pāpakāni kammāni, atthi duccaritassa vipāko. |
‘It seems that there is such a thing as bad karma, and the result of bad conduct. |
“看来确实有恶业，以及恶行的结果。 |
| Amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ idha pāṇātipātiṃ adinnādāyiṃ … pe … micchādiṭṭhiṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannan’ti. |
For I saw a person here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And when their body broke up, after death, they were reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.’ |
因为我看到这里一个人杀生……并有邪见。当他们身体分解，死后，他们投生到恶道、恶处、地狱。” |
| So evamāha: |
They say: |
他们说： |
| ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi, sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in hell. |
“看来所有杀生……并有邪见的人都投生到地狱。 |
| Ye evaṃ jānanti, te sammā jānanti; ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti. |
Those who know this are right. Those who know something else are wrong.’ |
知道这一点的人是对的。知道别的事情的人是错的。” |
| Iti so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti. (1) |
And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, other ideas are stupid.’ |
于是他们固执地坚持自己所知、所见、所理解的，坚持说：“这是唯一的真理，其他想法都是愚蠢的。” |
| Idha panānanda, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati yathāsamāhite citte dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena amuṃ puggalaṃ passati— |
But some other ascetic or brahmin—by dint of keen, resolute, committed, and diligent effort, and right focus—experiences an undistractible-lucidity of the heart of such a kind that it gives rise to clairvoyance that is purified and superhuman. With that clairvoyance they see that person |
但这里另有些沙门或婆罗门——通过精进、坚定、投入和勤勉的努力，以及正确的专注——体验到一种不可分心的、澄明的内心，这种内心能生起清净、超人的天眼通。凭借这种天眼通，他们看到那个人 |
| idha pāṇātipātiṃ adinnādāyiṃ … pe … micchādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passati sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ. |
here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And they see that that person is reborn in a heavenly realm. |
这里杀生……并有邪见。他们看到那个人投生到天界。 |
| So evamāha: |
They say: |
他们说： |
| ‘natthi kira, bho, pāpakāni kammāni, natthi duccaritassa vipāko. |
‘It seems that there is no such thing as bad karma, and the result of bad conduct. |
“看来没有恶业，也没有恶行的结果。 |
| Amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ—idha pāṇātipātiṃ adinnādāyiṃ … pe … micchādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannan’ti. |
For I have seen a person here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And I saw that that person was reborn in a heavenly realm.’ |
因为我看到这里一个人杀生……并有邪见。我看到那个人投生到天界。” |
| So evamāha: |
They say: |
他们说： |
| ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi, sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in a heavenly realm. |
“看来所有杀生……并有邪见的人都投生到天界。 |
| Ye evaṃ jānanti te sammā jānanti; ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti. |
Those who know this are right. Those who know something else are wrong.’ |
知道这一点的人是对的。知道别的事情的人是错的。” |
| Iti so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti. (2) |
And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, other ideas are stupid.’ |
于是他们固执地坚持自己所知、所见、所理解的，坚持说：“这是唯一的真理，其他想法都是愚蠢的。” |
| Idhānanda, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati yathāsamāhite citte dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena amuṃ puggalaṃ passati— |
Take some ascetic or brahmin who with clairvoyance sees a person |
有些沙门或婆罗门，通过天眼通看到这里一个人 |
| idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirataṃ adinnādānā paṭivirataṃ kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirataṃ musāvādā paṭivirataṃ pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirataṃ pharusāya vācāya paṭivirataṃ samphappalāpā paṭivirataṃ anabhijjhāluṃ abyāpannacittaṃ sammādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passati sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannaṃ. |
here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And they see that that person is reborn in a heavenly realm. |
戒杀生……并有正见。他们看到那个人投生到天界。 |
| So evamāha: |
They say: |
他们说： |
| ‘atthi kira, bho, kalyāṇāni kammāni, atthi sucaritassa vipāko. |
‘It seems that there is such a thing as good karma, and the result of good conduct. |
“看来确实有善业，以及善行的结果。 |
| Amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ—idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirataṃ adinnādānā paṭivirataṃ … pe … sammādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannan’ti. |
For I have seen a person here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that that person was reborn in a heavenly realm.’ |
因为我看到这里一个人戒杀生……并有正见。我看到那个人投生到天界。” |
| So evamāha: |
They say: |
他们说： |
| ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in a heavenly realm. |
“看来所有戒杀生……并有正见的人都投生到天界。 |
| Ye evaṃ jānanti te sammā jānanti; ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti. |
Those who know this are right. Those who know something else are wrong.’ |
知道这一点的人是对的。知道别的事情的人是错的。” |
| Iti so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti. (3) |
And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, other ideas are stupid.’ |
于是他们固执地坚持自己所知、所见、所理解的，坚持说：“这是唯一的真理，其他想法都是愚蠢的。” |
| Idha panānanda, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā ātappamanvāya padhānamanvāya anuyogamanvāya appamādamanvāya sammāmanasikāramanvāya tathārūpaṃ cetosamādhiṃ phusati yathāsamāhite citte dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena amuṃ puggalaṃ passati—idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirataṃ … pe … sammādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passati apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannaṃ. |
Take some ascetic or brahmin who with clairvoyance sees a person here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And they see that that person is reborn in hell. |
有些沙门或婆罗门，通过天眼通看到这里一个人戒杀生……并有正见。他们看到那个人投生到地狱。 |
| So evamāha: |
They say: |
他们说： |
| ‘natthi kira, bho, kalyāṇāni kammāni, natthi sucaritassa vipāko. Amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ— |
‘It seems that there is no such thing as good karma, and the result of good conduct. For I have seen a person |
“看来没有善业，也没有善行的结果。因为我看到一个人 |
| idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirataṃ adinnādānā paṭivirataṃ … pe … sammādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannan’ti. |
here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that that person was reborn in hell.’ |
这里戒杀生……并有正见。我看到那个人投生到地狱。” |
| So evamāha: ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi, sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
They say: ‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in hell. |
他们说：“看来所有戒杀生……并有正见的人都投生到地狱。 |
| Ye evaṃ jānanti te sammā jānanti; ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti. |
Those who know this are right. Those who know something else are wrong.’ |
知道这一点的人是对的。知道别的事情的人是错的。” |
| Iti so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti. (4) |
And so they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, other ideas are stupid.’ |
于是他们固执地坚持自己所知、所见、所理解的，坚持说：“这是唯一的真理，其他想法都是愚蠢的。” |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evamāha: |
In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this: |
在这种情况下，当沙门或婆罗门这样说时： |
§1.1 – (there is bad karma and result of bad karma ) |
| ‘atthi kira, bho, pāpakāni kammāni, atthi duccaritassa vipāko’ti idamassa anujānāmi; |
‘It seems that there is such a thing as bad karma, and the result of bad conduct,’ I grant them that. |
“看来确实有恶业，以及恶行的结果，”我同意他们的说法。 |
| yampi so evamāha: |
And when they say: |
当他们说： |
§1.2 – (doing evil and wrong view → reborn in hell ) |
| ‘amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ—idha pāṇātipātiṃ adinnādāyiṃ … pe … micchādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannan’ti idampissa anujānāmi; |
‘I have seen a person here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And after death, they were reborn in hell,’ I also grant them that. |
“我看到这里一个人杀生……并有邪见。死后，他们投生到地狱，”我也同意他们的说法。 |
| yañca kho so evamāha: |
But when they say: |
但当他们说： |
§1.3 – (everyone who does evil → reborn in hell: wrong) |
| ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi, sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatī’ti idamassa nānujānāmi; |
‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in hell,’ I don’t grant them that. |
“看来所有杀生……并有邪见的人都投生到地狱，”我不同意他们的说法。 |
| yampi so evamāha: |
And when they say: |
当他们说： |
§1.4 – (those who agree with me are right, everyone else is wrong) |
| ‘ye evaṃ jānanti te sammā jānanti; ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi; |
‘Those who know this are right. Those who know something else are wrong,’ I also don’t grant them that. |
“知道这一点的人是对的。知道别的事情的人是错的，”我也不同意他们的说法。 |
§1.5 – (stubbornly insist this is the only truth, all other ideas are stupid) |
| yampi so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi. |
And when they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, other ideas are stupid,’ I also don’t grant them that. |
当他们固执地坚持自己所知、所见、所理解的，坚持说：“这是唯一的真理，其他想法都是愚蠢的，”我也不同意他们的说法。 |
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
Why is that? |
这是为什么？ |
| Aññathā hi, ānanda, tathāgatassa mahākammavibhaṅge ñāṇaṃ hoti. (1) |
Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of karma is otherwise. |
因为如来对业的伟大分析是不同的。 |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evamāha: |
In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this: |
在这种情况下，当沙门或婆罗门这样说时： |
| ‘natthi kira, bho, pāpakāni kammāni, natthi duccaritassa vipāko’ti idamassa nānujānāmi; |
‘It seems that there is no such thing as bad karma, and the result of bad conduct,’ I don’t grant them that. |
“看来没有恶业，也没有恶行的结果，”我不同意他们的说法。 |
| yañca kho so evamāha: |
But when they say: |
但当他们说： |
| ‘amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ—idha pāṇātipātiṃ adinnādāyiṃ … pe … micchādiṭṭhiṃ kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannan’ti idamassa anujānāmi; |
‘I have seen a person here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view. And I saw that that person was reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I grant them that. |
“我看到这里一个人杀生……并有邪见。我看到那个人投生到天界，”我同意他们的说法。 |
| yañca kho so evamāha: |
But when they say: |
但当他们说： |
| ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi, sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatī’ti idamassa nānujānāmi; |
‘It seems that everyone who kills living creatures … and has wrong view is reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I don’t grant them that. … |
“看来所有杀生……并有邪见的人都投生到天界，”我不同意他们的说法。…… |
| yampi so evamāha: |
|
|
| ‘ye evaṃ jānanti te sammā jānanti; ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi; |
|
|
| yampi so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi. |
|
|
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
|
|
| Aññathā hi, ānanda, tathāgatassa mahākammavibhaṅge ñāṇaṃ hoti. (2) |
Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of karma is otherwise. |
因为如来对业的伟大分析是不同的。 |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evamāha: |
In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this: |
在这种情况下，当沙门或婆罗门这样说时： |
| ‘atthi kira, bho, kalyāṇāni kammāni, atthi sucaritassa vipāko’ti idamassa anujānāmi; |
‘It seems that there is such a thing as good karma, and the result of good conduct,’ I grant them that. |
“看来确实有善业，以及善行的结果，”我同意他们的说法。 |
| yampi so evamāha: |
And when they say: |
当他们说： |
| ‘amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ—idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirataṃ adinnādānā paṭivirataṃ … pe … sammādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannan’ti idampissa anujānāmi; |
‘I have seen a person here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And I saw that that person was reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I grant them that. |
“我看到这里一个人戒杀生……并有正见。我看到那个人投生到天界，”我同意他们的说法。 |
| yañca kho so evamāha: |
But when they say: |
但当他们说： |
| ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi, sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatī’ti idamassa nānujānāmi; |
‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in a heavenly realm,’ I don’t grant them that. … |
“看来所有戒杀生……并有正见的人都投生到天界，”我不同意他们的说法。…… |
| yampi so evamāha: |
|
|
| ‘ye evaṃ jānanti te sammā jānanti; ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi; |
|
|
| yampi so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi. |
|
|
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
|
|
| Aññathā hi, ānanda, tathāgatassa mahākammavibhaṅge ñāṇaṃ hoti. (3) |
Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of karma is otherwise. |
因为如来对业的伟大分析是不同的。 |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evamāha: |
In this case, when an ascetic or brahmin says this: |
在这种情况下，当沙门或婆罗门这样说时： |
| ‘natthi kira, bho, kalyāṇāni kammāni, natthi sucaritassa vipāko’ti idamassa nānujānāmi; |
‘It seems that there is no such thing as good karma, and the result of good conduct,’ I don’t grant them that. |
“看来没有善业，也没有善行的结果，”我不同意他们的说法。 |
| yañca kho so evamāha: |
But when they say: |
但当他们说： |
| ‘amāhaṃ puggalaṃ addasaṃ—idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirataṃ adinnādānā paṭivirataṃ … pe … sammādiṭṭhiṃ, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā passāmi apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannan’ti idamassa anujānāmi; |
‘I have seen a person here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view. And after death, they were reborn in hell,’ I grant them that. |
“我看到这里一个人戒杀生……并有正见。死后，他们投生到地狱，”我同意他们的说法。 |
| yañca kho so evamāha: |
But when they say: |
但当他们说： |
| ‘yo kira, bho, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi, sabbo so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatī’ti idamassa nānujānāmi; |
‘It seems that everyone who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view is reborn in hell,’ I don’t grant them that. |
“看来所有戒杀生……并有正见的人都投生到地狱，”我不同意他们的说法。 |
| yañca kho so evamāha: ‘ye evaṃ jānanti te sammā jānanti; |
But when they say: ‘Those who know this are right. |
但当他们说：“知道这一点的人是对的。 |
| ye aññathā jānanti, micchā tesaṃ ñāṇan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi; |
Those who know something else are wrong,’ I also don’t grant them that. |
知道别的事情的人是错的，”我也不同意他们的说法。 |
| yampi so yadeva tassa sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadeva tattha thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati: ‘idameva saccaṃ, moghamaññan’ti idampissa nānujānāmi. |
And when they obstinately stick to what they have known, seen, and understood for themselves, insisting that: ‘This is the only truth, other ideas are stupid,’ I also don’t grant them that. |
当他们固执地坚持自己所知、所见、所理解的，坚持说：“这是唯一的真理，其他想法都是愚蠢的，”我也不同意他们的说法。 |
| Taṃ kissa hetu? |
Why is that? |
这是为什么？ |
| Aññathā hi, ānanda, tathāgatassa mahākammavibhaṅge ñāṇaṃ hoti. (4) |
Because the Realized One’s knowledge of the great analysis of karma is otherwise. |
因为如来对业的伟大分析是不同的。 |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ puggalo idha pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, |
Now, Ānanda, take the case of the person here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view, and who, when their body breaks up, after death, is reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. |
现在，阿难，以这里这个人为例，他杀生……并有邪见，当他们身体分解，死后，投生到恶道、恶处、地狱。 |
| pubbe vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti pāpakammaṃ dukkhavedanīyaṃ, pacchā vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti pāpakammaṃ dukkhavedanīyaṃ, maraṇakāle vāssa hoti micchādiṭṭhi samattā samādinnā. |
They must have done a bad karma to be experienced as painful either previously or later, or else at the time of death they undertook wrong view. |
他们一定在之前或之后做了痛苦的恶业，或者在死亡时持有了邪见。 |
| Tena so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
And that’s why, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. |
这就是为什么，当他们身体分解，死后，他们投生到恶道、恶处、地狱。 |
| Yañca kho so idha pāṇātipātī hoti adinnādāyī hoti … pe … micchādiṭṭhi hoti tassa diṭṭheva dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye. (1) |
But anyone here who kills living creatures … and has wrong view experiences the result of that in the present life, or in the next life, or in some subsequent period. |
但这里任何杀生……并有邪见的人，都会在今生、或下一生、或某个后续时期体验到其结果。 |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ puggalo idha pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī … pe … micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, |
Now, Ānanda, take the case of the person here who killed living creatures … and had wrong view, and who is reborn in a heavenly realm. |
现在，阿难，以这里这个人为例，他杀生……并有邪见，并投生到天界。 |
| pubbe vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti kalyāṇakammaṃ sukhavedanīyaṃ, pacchā vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti kalyāṇakammaṃ sukhavedanīyaṃ, maraṇakāle vāssa hoti sammādiṭṭhi samattā samādinnā. |
They must have done a good karma to be experienced as pleasant either previously or later, or else at the time of death they undertook right view. |
他们一定在之前或之后做了快乐的善业，或者在死亡时持有了正见。 |
| Tena so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
And that’s why, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. |
这就是为什么，当他们身体分解，死后，他们投生到善道、天界。 |
| Yañca kho so idha pāṇātipātī hoti adinnādāyī hoti … pe … micchādiṭṭhi hoti tassa diṭṭheva dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye. (2) |
But anyone here who kills living creatures … and has wrong view experiences the result of that in the present life, or in the next life, or in some subsequent period. |
但这里任何杀生……并有邪见的人，都会在今生、或下一生、或某个后续时期体验到其结果。 |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ puggalo idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati, |
Now, Ānanda, take the case of the person here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view, and who is reborn in a heavenly realm. |
现在，阿难，以这里这个人为例，他戒杀生……并有正见，并投生到天界。 |
| pubbe vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti kalyāṇakammaṃ sukhavedanīyaṃ, pacchā vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti kalyāṇakammaṃ sukhavedanīyaṃ, maraṇakāle vāssa hoti sammādiṭṭhi samattā samādinnā. |
They must have done a good karma to be experienced as pleasant either previously or later, or else at the time of death they undertook right view. |
他们一定在之前或之后做了快乐的善业，或者在死亡时持有了正见。 |
| Tena so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. |
And that’s why, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. |
这就是为什么，当他们身体分解，死后，他们投生到善道、天界。 |
| Yañca kho so idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti … pe … sammādiṭṭhi hoti, tassa diṭṭheva dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye. (3) |
But anyone here who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view experiences the result of that in the present life, or in the next life, or in some subsequent period. |
但这里任何戒杀生……并有正见的人，都会在今生、或下一生、或某个后续时期体验到其结果。 |
| Tatrānanda, yvāyaṃ puggalo idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato … pe … sammādiṭṭhi, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati, |
Now, Ānanda, take the case of the person here who refrained from killing living creatures … and had right view, and who is reborn in hell. |
现在，阿难，以这里这个人为例，他戒杀生……并有正见，并投生到地狱。 |
| pubbe vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti pāpakammaṃ dukkhavedanīyaṃ, pacchā vāssa taṃ kataṃ hoti pāpakammaṃ dukkhavedanīyaṃ, maraṇakāle vāssa hoti micchādiṭṭhi samattā samādinnā. |
They must have done a bad karma to be experienced as painful either previously or later, or else at the time of death they undertook wrong view. |
他们一定在之前或之后做了痛苦的恶业，或者在死亡时持有了邪见。 |
| Tena so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. |
And that’s why, when their body breaks up, after death, they’re reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. |
这就是为什么，当他们身体分解，死后，他们投生到恶道、恶处、地狱。 |
| Yañca kho so idha pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti … pe … sammādiṭṭhi hoti, tassa diṭṭheva dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajja vā apare vā pariyāye. (4) |
But anyone here who refrains from killing living creatures … and has right view experiences the result of that in the present life, or in the next life, or in some subsequent period. |
但这里任何戒杀生……并有正见的人，都会在今生、或下一生、或某个后续时期体验到其结果。 |
