|
(derived from B. Sujato 2018/12) |
（摘自B. Sujato 2018/12） |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
我曾闻如是。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. |
一时，佛陀住在舍卫城只陀林，给孤独园。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. |
Now at that time around five hundred brahmins from abroad were residing in Sāvatthī on some business. |
那时，大约有五百名来自国外的婆罗门因事住在舍卫城。 |
| Atha kho tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ etadahosi: |
Then those brahmins thought: |
于是那些婆罗门心想： |
| “ayaṃ kho samaṇo gotamo cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paññapeti. |
“This ascetic Gotama advocates purification for all four classes. |
“这位沙门乔达摩提倡所有四种姓的净化。 |
| Ko nu kho pahoti samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetun”ti? |
Who is capable of having a dialogue with him about this?” |
谁有能力与他讨论这个问题呢？” |
| Tena kho pana samayena assalāyano nāma māṇavo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati daharo, vuttasiro, soḷasavassuddesiko jātiyā, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ, padako, veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. |
Now at that time the brahmin student Assalāyana was residing in Sāvatthī. He was young, just tonsured; he was sixteen years old. He was an expert in the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies, ritual, phonology and etymology, and the testament as fifth. He knew philology and grammar, and was well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man. |
那时，婆罗门学生阿萨罗耶那住在舍卫城。他年轻，刚剃度；他十六岁。他精通三吠陀，连同其词汇、仪式、语音学和词源学，并以第五的契经。他精通语文学和语法，并且精通宇宙学和大丈夫相。 |
| Atha kho tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ etadahosi: |
Then those brahmins thought: |
于是那些婆罗门心想： |
| “ayaṃ kho assalāyano māṇavo sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasati daharo, vuttasiro, soḷasavassuddesiko jātiyā, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū … pe … anavayo. |
|
|
| So kho pahoti samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetun”ti. |
“This Assalāyana is capable of having a dialogue with the ascetic Gotama about this.” |
“这个阿萨罗耶那有能力与沙门乔达摩讨论这个问题。” |
| Dutiyampi kho te brāhmaṇā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavocuṃ: |
For a second time, those brahmins said to him: |
那些婆罗门第二次对他说： |
| “ayaṃ, bho assalāyana, samaṇo gotamo cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paññapeti. |
“This ascetic Gotama advocates purification for all four classes. |
“这位沙门乔达摩提倡所有四种姓的净化。 |
| Etu bhavaṃ assalāyano samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu. |
Please, Mister Assalāyana, have a dialogue with the ascetic Gotama about this. |
请阿萨罗耶那先生与沙门乔达摩讨论这个问题。 |
| Caritaṃ kho pana bhotā assalāyanena paribbājakan”ti. |
For you have lived as a wanderer.” |
因为你曾是游方者。” |
| Dutiyampi kho assalāyano māṇavo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca: |
And for a second time, Assalāyana refused. |
阿萨罗耶那第二次拒绝了。 |
| “samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dhammavādī; |
|
|
| dhammavādino ca pana duppaṭimantiyā bhavanti. |
|
|
| Nāhaṃ sakkomi samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetun”ti. |
|
|
| Atha kho assalāyano māṇavo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. |
Then Assalāyana together with a large group of brahmins went to the Buddha and exchanged greetings with him. |
于是阿萨罗耶那带着一大群婆罗门来到佛陀处，与他互致问候。 |
| Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho assalāyano māṇavo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca: |
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side and said to the Buddha: |
问候和礼貌的交谈结束后，他坐到一边，对佛陀说： |
| “brāhmaṇā, bho gotama, evamāhaṃsu: |
“Master Gotama, the brahmins say: |
“乔达摩大师，婆罗门们说： |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; |
‘Only brahmins are the highest caste; other castes are inferior. |
‘只有婆罗门是最高种姓；其他种姓低劣。 |
| brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; |
Only brahmins are the light caste; other castes are dark. |
只有婆罗门是光明种姓；其他种姓黑暗。 |
| brāhmaṇova sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; |
Only brahmins are purified, not others. |
只有婆罗门是清净的，不是其他人。 |
| brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. |
Only brahmins are Brahmā’s rightful sons, born of his mouth, born of Brahmā, created by Brahmā, heirs of Brahmā.’ |
只有婆罗门是梵天真正的儿子，从他口中出生，由梵天所生，由梵天所造，梵天的继承人。’ |
| Idha bhavaṃ gotamo kimāhā”ti? |
What do you say about this?” |
您对此有何看法？” |
| “Dissanti kho pana, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ brāhmaṇiyo utuniyopi gabbhiniyopi vijāyamānāpi pāyamānāpi. |
“But Assalāyana, brahmin women are seen menstruating, being pregnant, giving birth, and breastfeeding. |
“但是阿萨罗耶那，婆罗门妇女被看到有月经、怀孕、分娩和哺乳。 |
| Te ca brāhmaṇiyonijāva samānā evamāhaṃsu: |
Yet even though they’re born from a brahmin womb they say: |
然而即使她们出生于婆罗门之胎，他们仍然说： |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; |
‘Only brahmins are the highest caste; other castes are inferior. |
‘只有婆罗门是最高种姓；其他种姓低劣。 |
| brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; |
Only brahmins are the light caste; other castes are dark. |
只有婆罗门是光明种姓；其他种姓黑暗。 |
| brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; |
Only brahmins are purified, not others. |
只有婆罗门是清净的，不是其他人。 |
| brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
Only brahmins are Brahmā’s rightful sons, born of his mouth, born of Brahmā, created by Brahmā, heirs of Brahmā.’” |
只有婆罗门是梵天真正的儿子，从他口中出生，由梵天所生，由梵天所造，梵天的继承人。’” |
| “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti: |
“Even though you say this, still the brahmins maintain their belief.” |
“即使您这么说，婆罗门们仍然坚持他们的信仰。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
|
|
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| sutaṃ te: ‘yonakambojesu aññesu ca paccantimesu janapadesu dveva vaṇṇā—ayyo ceva dāso ca; ayyo hutvā dāso hoti, dāso hutvā ayyo hotī’”ti? |
Have you heard that in Greece and Persia and other foreign lands there are only two classes, masters and bonded servants; and that masters may become servants, and servants masters?” |
你听说过在希腊、波斯和其他外国，只有两个阶级，主人和奴仆；而且主人可以成为奴仆，奴仆也可以成为主人吗？” |
| “Evaṃ, bho, sutaṃ taṃ me: ‘yonakambojesu aññesu ca paccantimesu janapadesu dveva vaṇṇā—ayyo ceva dāso ca; ayyo hutvā dāso hoti, dāso hutvā ayyo hotī’”ti. |
“Yes, I have heard that.” |
“是的，我听说过。” |
| “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu: |
“Then what is the source of the brahmins’ self-confidence and forcefulness in this matter that they make this claim?” |
“那么，婆罗门们在这件事上如此自信和强硬，他们提出这个主张的来源是什么？” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti? |
|
|
| “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti: |
“Even though you say this, still the brahmins maintain their belief.” |
“即使您这么说，婆罗门们仍然坚持他们的信仰。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
|
|
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| khattiyova nu kho pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya, no brāhmaṇo? |
Suppose an aristocrat were to kill living creatures, steal, and commit sexual misconduct; to use speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and to be covetous, malicious, with wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, they’d be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell. Would this happen only to an aristocrat, and not to a brahmin? |
假设一位刹帝利杀生、偷盗、邪淫；说妄语、两舌语、恶口语、绮语；贪婪、恶意、邪见。当他的身体坏灭，死后，他会投生到恶趣、恶处、地狱。这只会发生在刹帝利身上，而不会发生在婆罗门身上吗？ |
| Vessova nu kho … pe … |
Or suppose a merchant, |
或者假设一位商人， |
| suddova nu kho pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya, no brāhmaṇo”ti? |
or a worker were to act in the same way. Would that result befall only a merchant or a worker, and not to a brahmin?” |
或一位工人以同样的方式行事。那个结果只会降临在商人或工人身上，而不会降临在婆罗门身上吗？” |
| “No hidaṃ, bho gotama. |
“No, Master Gotama. |
“不，乔达摩大师。 |
| Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya. |
If they acted the same way, the same result would befall an aristocrat, a brahmin, a merchant, or a worker. |
如果他们以同样的方式行事，同样的结果会降临在刹帝利、婆罗门、商人或工人身上。 |
| Brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama … pe … |
|
|
| vessopi hi, bho gotama … pe … |
|
|
| suddopi hi, bho gotama … pe … |
|
|
| sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pāṇātipātino adinnādāyino kāmesumicchācārino musāvādino pisuṇavācā pharusavācā samphappalāpino abhijjhālū byāpannacittā micchādiṭṭhī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyun”ti. |
For if any of the four classes were to kill living creatures, steal, and commit sexual misconduct; to use speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and to be covetous, malicious, with wrong view, then, when their body breaks up, after death, they’d be reborn in a place of loss, a bad place, the underworld, hell.” |
因为如果任何一个种姓杀生、偷盗、邪淫；说妄语、两舌语、恶口语、绮语；贪婪、恶意、邪见，那么，当他们的身体坏灭，死后，他们就会投生到恶趣、恶处、地狱。” |
| “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu: |
“Then what is the source of the brahmins’ self-confidence and forcefulness in this matter that they make this claim?” |
“那么，婆罗门们在这件事上如此自信和强硬，他们提出这个主张的来源是什么？” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti? |
|
|
| “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti: |
“Even though you say this, still the brahmins maintain their belief.” |
“即使您这么说，婆罗门们仍然坚持他们的信仰。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
|
|
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| brāhmaṇova nu kho pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya, no khattiyo, no vesso, no suddo”ti? |
Suppose a brahmin were to refrain from killing living creatures, stealing, and committing sexual misconduct; from using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and from covetousness, malice, and wrong view. When their body breaks up, after death, they’d be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm. Would this happen only to an brahmin, and not to an aristocrat, a merchant, or a worker?” |
假设一位婆罗门戒杀生、偷盗、邪淫；戒妄语、两舌语、恶口语、绮语；戒贪婪、恶意、邪见。当他的身体坏灭，死后，他会投生到善趣、天界。这只会发生在婆罗门身上，而不会发生在刹帝利、商人或工人身上吗？” |
| “No hidaṃ, bho gotama. |
“No, Master Gotama. |
“不，乔达摩大师。 |
| Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhi kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya. |
If they acted the same way, the same result would befall an aristocrat, a brahmin, a merchant, or a worker. |
如果他们以同样的方式行事，同样的结果会降临在刹帝利、婆罗门、商人或工人身上。 |
| Brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama … pe … |
|
|
| vessopi hi, bho gotama … pe … |
|
|
| suddopi hi, bho gotama … pe … |
|
|
| sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratā pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratā samphappalāpā paṭiviratā anabhijjhālū abyāpannacittā sammādiṭṭhī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyun”ti. |
For if any of the four classes were to refrain from killing living creatures, stealing, and committing sexual misconduct; from using speech that’s false, divisive, harsh, or nonsensical; and from covetousness, malice, and wrong view, then, when their body breaks up, after death, they’d be reborn in a good place, a heavenly realm.” |
因为如果任何一个种姓戒杀生、偷盗、邪淫；戒妄语、两舌语、恶口语、绮语；戒贪婪、恶意、邪见，那么，当他们的身体坏灭，死后，他们就会投生到善趣、天界。” |
| “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu: |
“Then what is the source of the brahmins’ self-confidence and forcefulness in this matter that they make this claim?” |
“那么，婆罗门们在这件事上如此自信和强硬，他们提出这个主张的来源是什么？” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti? |
|
|
| “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti: |
“Even though you say this, still the brahmins maintain their belief.” |
“即使您这么说，婆罗门们仍然坚持他们的信仰。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
|
|
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| brāhmaṇova nu kho pahoti asmiṃ padese averaṃ abyābajjhaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetuṃ, no khattiyo, no vesso, no suddo”ti? |
Is only a brahmin capable of developing a heart of love, free of enmity and ill will for this region, and not an aristocrat, merchant, or worker?” |
只有婆罗门能够对这个地区生起无怨无瞋的慈悲心，而不是刹帝利、商人或工人吗？” |
| “No hidaṃ, bho gotama. |
“No, Master Gotama. |
“不，乔达摩大师。 |
| Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pahoti asmiṃ padese averaṃ abyābajjhaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetuṃ; |
Aristocrats, brahmins, merchants, and workers can all do so. |
刹帝利、婆罗门、商人、工人都能够这样做。 |
| brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama … |
|
|
| vessopi hi, bho gotama … |
|
|
| suddopi hi, bho gotama … |
|
|
| sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pahonti asmiṃ padese averaṃ abyābajjhaṃ mettacittaṃ bhāvetun”ti. |
For all four classes are capable of developing a heart of love, free of enmity and ill will for this region.” |
因为所有四种姓都能够对这个地区生起无怨无瞋的慈悲心。” |
| “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu: |
“Then what is the source of the brahmins’ self-confidence and forcefulness in this matter that they make this claim?” |
“那么，婆罗门们在这件事上如此自信和强硬，他们提出这个主张的来源是什么？” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti? |
|
|
| “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti: |
“Even though you say this, still the brahmins maintain their belief.” |
“即使您这么说，婆罗门们仍然坚持他们的信仰。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
|
|
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| brāhmaṇova nu kho pahoti sottisināniṃ ādāya nadiṃ gantvā rajojallaṃ pavāhetuṃ, no khattiyo, no vesso, no suddo”ti? |
Is only a brahmin capable of taking some bathing paste of powdered shell, going to the river, and washing off dust and dirt, and not an aristocrat, merchant, or worker?” |
只有婆罗门能用一些贝壳粉做的沐浴膏，去河边洗去灰尘和污垢，而不是刹帝利、商人或工人吗？” |
| “No hidaṃ, bho gotama. |
“No, Master Gotama. |
“不，乔达摩大师。 |
| Khattiyopi hi, bho gotama, pahoti sottisināniṃ ādāya nadiṃ gantvā rajojallaṃ pavāhetuṃ, brāhmaṇopi hi, bho gotama … |
|
|
| vessopi hi, bho gotama … |
|
|
| suddopi hi, bho gotama … |
|
|
| sabbepi hi, bho gotama, cattāro vaṇṇā pahonti sottisināniṃ ādāya nadiṃ gantvā rajojallaṃ pavāhetun”ti. |
All four classes are capable of doing this.” |
所有四种姓都能做到这一点。” |
| “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu: |
“Then what is the source of the brahmins’ self-confidence and forcefulness in this matter that they make this claim?” |
“那么，婆罗门们在这件事上如此自信和强硬，他们提出这个主张的来源是什么？” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti? |
|
|
| “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti: |
“Even though you say this, still the brahmins maintain their belief.” |
“即使您这么说，婆罗门们仍然坚持他们的信仰。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
|
|
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| idha rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto nānājaccānaṃ purisānaṃ purisasataṃ sannipāteyya: |
Suppose an anointed aristocratic king were to gather a hundred people born in different castes and say to them: |
假设一位受过膏的刹帝利国王召集了一百名不同种姓出生的人，对他们说： |
| ‘āyantu bhonto ye tattha khattiyakulā brāhmaṇakulā rājaññakulā uppannā, sākassa vā sālassa vā salaḷassa vā candanassa vā padumakassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya, aggiṃ abhinibbattentu, tejo pātukarontu. |
‘Please gentlemen, let anyone here who was born in a family of aristocrats, brahmins, or chieftains take a drill-stick made of teak, sal, frankincense wood, sandalwood, or cherry wood, light a fire and produce heat. |
‘请诸位，这里任何出生于刹帝利、婆罗门或首领家庭的人，用柚木、娑罗木、乳香木、檀香木或樱桃木制成的钻木，生火并产生热量。 |
| Āyantu pana bhonto ye tattha caṇḍālakulā nesādakulā venakulā rathakārakulā pukkusakulā uppannā, sāpānadoṇiyā vā sūkaradoṇiyā vā rajakadoṇiyā vā eraṇḍakaṭṭhassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya, aggiṃ abhinibbattentu, tejo pātukarontū’ti. |
And let anyone here who was born in a family of outcastes, hunters, bamboo-workers, chariot-makers, or waste-collectors take a drill-stick made from a dog’s drinking trough, a pig’s trough, a dustbin, or castor-oil wood, light a fire and produce heat.’ |
这里任何出生于贱民、猎人、竹工、车夫或清道夫家庭的人，用狗饮槽、猪槽、垃圾桶或蓖麻油木制成的钻木，生火并产生热量。’ |
| Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
What do you think, Assalāyana? |
阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| yo evaṃ nu kho so khattiyakulā brāhmaṇakulā rājaññakulā uppannehi sākassa vā sālassa vā salaḷassa vā candanassa vā padumakassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato, so eva nu khvāssa aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, tena ca sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātuṃ; |
Would only the fire produced by the high class people with good quality wood have flames, color, and radiance, and be usable as fire, |
只有高种姓的人用优质木材生出的火才会有火焰、颜色和光辉，并能用作火， |
| yo pana so caṇḍālakulā nesādakulā venakulā rathakārakulā pukkusakulā uppannehi sāpānadoṇiyā vā sūkaradoṇiyā vā rajakadoṇiyā vā eraṇḍakaṭṭhassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato svāssa aggi na ceva accimā na ca vaṇṇavā na ca pabhassaro, na ca tena sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātun”ti? |
and not the fire produced by the low class people with poor quality wood?” |
而低种姓的人用劣质木材生出的火则不能吗？” |
| “No hidaṃ, bho gotama. |
“No, Master Gotama. |
“不，乔达摩大师。 |
| Yopi hi so, bho gotama, khattiyakulā brāhmaṇakulā rājaññakulā uppannehi sākassa vā sālassa vā salaḷassa vā candanassa vā padumakassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato svāssa aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, tena ca sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātuṃ; |
The fire produced by the high class people with good quality wood would have flames, color, and radiance, and be usable as fire, |
高种姓的人用优质木材生出的火会有火焰、颜色和光辉，并能用作火， |
| yopi so caṇḍālakulā nesādakulā venakulā rathakārakulā pukkusakulā uppannehi sāpānadoṇiyā vā sūkaradoṇiyā vā rajakadoṇiyā vā eraṇḍakaṭṭhassa vā uttarāraṇiṃ ādāya aggi abhinibbatto, tejo pātukato, svāssa aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, tena ca sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātuṃ. |
and so would the fire produced by the low class people with poor quality wood. |
低种姓的人用劣质木材生出的火也会有火焰、颜色和光辉，并能用作火。 |
| Sabbopi hi, bho gotama, aggi accimā ceva vaṇṇavā ca pabhassaro ca, sabbenapi sakkā agginā aggikaraṇīyaṃ kātun”ti. |
For all fire has flames, color, and radiance, and is usable as fire.” |
因为所有的火都有火焰、颜色和光辉，并能用作火。” |
| “Ettha, assalāyana, brāhmaṇānaṃ kiṃ balaṃ, ko assāso yadettha brāhmaṇā evamāhaṃsu: |
“Then what is the source of the brahmins’ self-confidence and forcefulness in this matter that they make this claim?” |
“那么，婆罗门们在这件事上如此自信和强硬，他们提出这个主张的来源是什么？” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; |
|
|
| brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; |
|
|
| brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; |
|
|
| brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’”ti? |
|
|
| “Kiñcāpi bhavaṃ gotamo evamāha, atha khvettha brāhmaṇā evametaṃ maññanti: |
“Even though you say this, still the brahmins maintain their belief.” |
“即使您这么说，婆罗门们仍然坚持他们的信仰。” |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’”ti. |
|
|
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| idha vaḷavaṃ gadrabhena sampayojeyyuṃ, tesaṃ sampayogamanvāya kisoro jāyetha; |
Suppose a mare were to mate with a donkey, and she gave birth to a mule. |
假设一匹母马与一头驴交配，生下了一头骡子。 |
| yo so vaḷavāya gadrabhena kisoro uppanno, siyā so mātupi sadiso pitupi sadiso, ‘asso’tipi vattabbo ‘gadrabho’tipi vattabbo”ti? |
Would that mule be called a horse after the mother or a donkey after the father?” |
这头骡子会根据母亲被称为马，还是根据父亲被称为驴？” |
| “Kuṇḍañhi so, bho gotama, assataro hoti. |
“It’s a mule, as it is a crossbreed. |
“它是骡子，因为它是一个杂交品种。 |
| Idaṃ hissa, bho gotama, nānākaraṇaṃ passāmi; |
I see the difference in this case, |
在这种情况下我看到了区别， |
| amutra ca panesānaṃ na kiñci nānākaraṇaṃ passāmī”ti. |
but not in the previous cases.” |
但在之前的案例中没有。” |
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| idhāssu dve māṇavakā bhātaro sodariyā, eko ajjhāyako upanīto eko anajjhāyako anupanīto. |
Suppose there were two brahmin students who were brothers who had shared a womb. One was educated, a reciter, while the other was uneducated and not a reciter. |
假设有两个婆罗门学生，是同胞兄弟。一个受过教育，能背诵吠陀，另一个则未受教育，不能背诵。 |
| Kamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā”ti? |
Who would the brahmins feed first at an offering of food for ancestors, an offering of a dish of milk-rice, a sacrifice, or a feast for guests?” |
在祖先供食、乳饭供食、祭祀或招待客人时，婆罗门们会先供养谁？” |
| “Yo so, bho gotama, māṇavako ajjhāyako upanīto tamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā. |
“They’d first feed the student who was educated, a reciter. |
“他们会先供养受过教育、能背诵吠陀的学生。 |
| Kiñhi, bho gotama, anajjhāyake anupanīte dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī”ti? |
For how could an offering to someone who is uneducated and not a reciter be very fruitful?” |
因为供养未受教育、不能背诵吠陀的人，怎能有丰硕的成果呢？” |
| “Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, assalāyana, |
“What do you think, Assalāyana? |
“阿萨罗耶那，你认为呢？ |
| idhāssu dve māṇavakā bhātaro sodariyā, eko ajjhāyako upanīto dussīlo pāpadhammo, eko anajjhāyako anupanīto sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo. |
Suppose there were two brahmin students who were brothers who had shared a womb. One was educated, a reciter, but was unethical, of bad character, while the other was uneducated and not a reciter, but was ethical and of good character. |
假设有两个婆罗门学生，是同胞兄弟。一个受过教育，能背诵吠陀，但品德败坏，另一个则未受教育，不能背诵，但品德高尚。 |
| Kamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā”ti? |
Who would the brahmins feed first?” |
婆罗门们会先供养谁？” |
| “Yo so, bho gotama, māṇavako anajjhāyako anupanīto sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo tamettha brāhmaṇā paṭhamaṃ bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā. |
“They’d first feed the student who was uneducated and not a reciter, but was ethical and of good character. |
“他们会先供养未受教育、不能背诵吠陀，但品德高尚的学生。 |
| Kiñhi, bho gotama, dussīle pāpadhamme dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ bhavissatī”ti? |
For how could an offering to someone who is unethical and of bad character be very fruitful?” |
因为供养品德败坏的人，怎能有丰硕的成果呢？” |
| “Pubbe kho tvaṃ, assalāyana, jātiṃ agamāsi; |
“Firstly you relied on birth, Assalāyana, |
“首先你依赖出身，阿萨罗耶那， |
| jātiṃ gantvā mante agamāsi; |
then you switched to education, |
然后你转而看重教育， |
| mante gantvā tape agamāsi; |
then you switched to abstemious behavior. |
接着你又转而看重节制行为。 |
| tape gantvā cātuvaṇṇiṃ suddhiṃ paccāgato, yamahaṃ paññapemī”ti. |
Now you’ve come around to believing in purification for the four classes, just as I advocate.” |
现在你已经开始相信我所提倡的四种姓的净化了。” |
| Evaṃ vutte, assalāyano māṇavo tuṇhībhūto maṅkubhūto pattakkhandho adhomukho pajjhāyanto appaṭibhāno nisīdi. |
When he said this, Assalāyana sat silent, embarrassed, shoulders drooping, downcast, depressed, with nothing to say. |
他说完后，阿萨罗耶那沉默不语，尴尬地垂下肩膀，沮丧，消沉，无话可说。 |
| Atha kho bhagavā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ tuṇhībhūtaṃ maṅkubhūtaṃ pattakkhandhaṃ adhomukhaṃ pajjhāyantaṃ appaṭibhānaṃ viditvā assalāyanaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca: |
Knowing this, the Buddha said to him: |
佛陀知道后，对他说： |
| “bhūtapubbaṃ, assalāyana, sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu sammantānaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti: |
“Once upon a time, Assalāyana, seven brahmin hermits settled in leaf huts in a wilderness region. They had the following harmful misconception: |
“从前，阿萨罗耶那，有七位婆罗门隐士在旷野地区定居在草屋里。他们有以下有害的错误观念： |
| ‘brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo … |
‘Only brahmins are the highest caste; other castes are inferior. |
‘只有婆罗门是最高种姓；其他种姓低劣。 |
| pe … |
Only brahmins are the light caste; other castes are dark. Only brahmins are purified, not others. |
只有婆罗门是光明种姓；其他种姓黑暗。只有婆罗门是清净的，不是其他人。 |
| brahmadāyādā’ti. |
Only brahmins are Brahmā’s rightful sons, born of his mouth, born of Brahmā, created by Brahmā, heirs of Brahmā.’ |
只有婆罗门是梵天真正的儿子，从他口中出生，由梵天所生，由梵天所造，梵天的继承人。’ |
| Assosi kho, assalāyana, asito devalo isi: |
The hermit Devala the Dark heard about this. |
隐士德瓦拉·达克听说了这件事。 |
| ‘sattannaṃ kira brāhmaṇisīnaṃ araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu sammantānaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ— |
|
|
| brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo … pe … |
|
|
| brahmadāyādā’ti. |
|
|
| Atha kho, assalāyana, asito devalo isi kesamassuṃ kappetvā mañjiṭṭhavaṇṇāni dussāni nivāsetvā paṭaliyo upāhanā āruhitvā jātarūpamayaṃ daṇḍaṃ gahetvā sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ patthaṇḍile pāturahosi. |
So he did up his hair and beard, dressed in magenta robes, put on his boots, grasped a golden staff, and appeared in the courtyard of the seven brahmin hermits. |
于是他梳理头发和胡须，穿上紫红色长袍，穿上靴子，手持金杖，出现在七位婆罗门隐士的院子里。 |
| Atha kho, assalāyana, asito devalo isi sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ patthaṇḍile caṅkamamāno evamāha: |
Then he wandered about the yard saying: |
然后他在院子里徘徊，说： |
| ‘handa ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatā; |
‘Where, oh where have those brahmin hermits gone? |
‘那些婆罗门隐士去哪里了？ |
| handa ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatā’ti? |
Where, oh where have those rahmin hermits gone?’ |
那些婆罗门隐士去哪里了？’ |
| Atha kho, assalāyana, sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ etadahosi: |
Then those brahmin hermits said: |
于是那些婆罗门隐士说： |
| ‘ko nāyaṃ gāmaṇḍalarūpo viya sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ patthaṇḍile caṅkamamāno evamāha: |
‘Who’s this wandering about our courtyard like a cowboy? |
‘这是谁像个牧童一样在我们的院子里徘徊？ |
| “handa ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatā; |
|
|
| handa ko nu kho ime bhavanto brāhmaṇisayo gatāti? |
|
|
| Handa naṃ abhisapāmā”’ti. |
Let’s curse him!’ |
我们诅咒他！’ |
| Atha kho, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitaṃ devalaṃ isiṃ abhisapiṃsu: |
So they cursed Devala the Dark: |
于是他们诅咒德瓦拉·达克： |
| ‘bhasmā, vasala, hohi; |
‘Be ashes, wretch! |
‘化为灰烬吧，恶徒！ |
| bhasmā, vasala, hohī’ti. |
Be ashes, wretch!’ |
化为灰烬吧，恶徒！’ |
| Yathā yathā kho, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitaṃ devalaṃ isiṃ abhisapiṃsu tathā tathā asito devalo isi abhirūpataro ceva hoti dassanīyataro ca pāsādikataro ca. |
But the more the hermits cursed him, the more attractive, good-looking, and lovely Devala the Dark became. |
但是隐士们越诅咒他，德瓦拉·达克就变得越有魅力，越好看，越可爱。 |
| Atha kho, assalāyana, sattannaṃ brāhmaṇisīnaṃ etadahosi: |
Then those brahmin hermits said: |
于是那些婆罗门隐士说： |
| ‘moghaṃ vata no tapo, aphalaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. |
‘Our austerities are in vain! Our spiritual path is fruitless! |
‘我们的苦行白费了！我们的灵性之路没有成果！ |
| Mayañhi pubbe yaṃ abhisapāma— |
For when we used to curse someone |
因为我们以前诅咒别人 |
| bhasmā, vasala, hohi; |
to become ashes, |
化为灰烬， |
| bhasmā, vasala, hohīti bhasmāva bhavati ekacco. |
ashes they became. |
他们就真的化为灰烬了。 |
| Imaṃ pana mayaṃ yathā yathā abhisapāma tathā tathā abhirūpataro ceva hoti dassanīyataro ca pāsādikataro cā’ti. |
But the more we curse this one, the more attractive, good-looking, and lovely he becomes.’ |
但是我们越诅咒这个人，他就变得越有魅力，越好看，越可爱。’ |
| ‘Na bhavantānaṃ moghaṃ tapo, nāphalaṃ brahmacariyaṃ. |
‘Gentlemen, your austerities are not in vain; your spiritual path is not fruitless. |
‘诸位，你们的苦行没有白费；你们的灵性之路没有白费。 |
| Iṅgha bhavanto, yo mayi manopadoso taṃ pajahathā’ti. |
Please let go of your malevolence towards me.’ |
请放下对我的恶意。’ |
| ‘Yo bhavati manopadoso taṃ pajahāma. |
‘We let go of our malevolence towards you. |
‘我们放下对您的恶意。 |
| Ko nu bhavaṃ hotī’ti? |
But who are you, sir?’ |
但是您是谁，先生？’ |
| ‘Suto nu bhavataṃ— |
‘Have you heard of |
‘您听说过 |
| asito devalo isī’ti? |
the hermit Devala the Dark?’ |
隐士德瓦拉·达克吗？’ |
| ‘Evaṃ, bho’. |
‘Yes, sir.’ |
‘是的，先生。’ |
| ‘So khvāhaṃ, bho, homī’ti. |
‘I am he, sirs.’ |
‘我就是他，诸位。’ |
| Atha kho, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitaṃ devalaṃ isiṃ abhivādetuṃ upakkamiṃsu. |
Then they approached Devala and bowed to him. |
然后他们走到德瓦拉面前，向他致敬。 |
| Atha kho, assalāyana, asito devalo isi satta brāhmaṇisayo etadavoca: |
Devala said to them: |
德瓦拉对他们说： |
| ‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bho, sattannaṃ kira brāhmaṇisīnaṃ araññāyatane paṇṇakuṭīsu sammantānaṃ evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ— |
‘I heard that when the seven brahmin hermits had settled in leaf huts in a wilderness region, they had the following harmful misconception: |
‘我听说那七位婆罗门隐士在旷野地区定居在草屋里时，他们有以下有害的错误观念： |
| brāhmaṇova seṭṭho vaṇṇo, hīno añño vaṇṇo; |
“Only brahmins are the highest caste; other castes are inferior. |
“只有婆罗门是最高种姓；其他种姓低劣。 |
| brāhmaṇova sukko vaṇṇo, kaṇho añño vaṇṇo; |
Only brahmins are the light caste; other castes are dark. |
只有婆罗门是光明种姓；其他种姓黑暗。 |
| brāhmaṇāva sujjhanti, no abrāhmaṇā; |
Only brahmins are purified, not others. |
只有婆罗门是清净的，不是其他人。 |
| brāhmaṇāva brahmuno puttā orasā mukhato jātā brahmajā brahmanimmitā brahmadāyādā’ti. |
Only brahmins are Brahmā’s rightful sons, born of his mouth, born of Brahmā, created by Brahmā, heirs of Brahmā.”’ |
只有婆罗门是梵天真正的儿子，从他口中出生，由梵天所生，由梵天所造，梵天的继承人。”’ |
| ‘Evaṃ, bho’. |
‘That’s right, sir.’ |
‘是的，先生。’ |
| ‘Jānanti pana bhonto— |
‘But do you know |
‘但是你知道吗 |
| taggha, so gandhabbo khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā’ti? |
for sure whether that spirit is an aristocrat, a brahmin, a merchant, or a worker?’ |
那个灵识是刹帝利、婆罗门、商人还是工人？’ |
| ‘Na mayaṃ, bho, jānāma— |
‘We don’t know that.’ |
‘我们不知道。’ |
| taggha so gandhabbo khattiyo vā brāhmaṇo vā vesso vā suddo vā’ti. |
|
|
| ‘Evaṃ sante, bho, jānātha— |
‘In that case, sirs, don’t you know |
‘既然如此，诸位，你们不知道吗 |
| ke tumhe hothā’ti? |
what you are?’ |
你们自己是什么？’ |
| ‘Evaṃ sante, bho, na mayaṃ jānāma— |
‘In that case, sir, we don’t know |
‘既然如此，先生，我们不知道 |
| ke mayaṃ homā’ti. |
what we are.’ |
我们是什么。’ |
| Te hi nāma, assalāyana, satta brāhmaṇisayo asitena devalena isinā sake jātivāde samanuyuñjīyamānā samanuggāhīyamānā samanubhāsīyamānā na sampāyissanti; |
So even those seven brahmin hermits were stumped when pursued, pressed, and grilled by the seer Devala on their own doctrine of ancestry. |
所以，即使是那七位婆罗门隐士，当被贤者德瓦拉根据他们自己的血统教义追问、压迫和质问时，也无言以对。 |
| kiṃ pana tvaṃ etarahi mayā sakasmiṃ jātivāde samanuyuñjīyamāno samanuggāhīyamāno samanubhāsīyamāno sampāyissasi, yesaṃ tvaṃ sācariyako na puṇṇo dabbigāho”ti. |
So how could you succeed, being grilled by me now on your own doctrine of ancestry—you who have not even mastered your own teacher’s doctrine?” |
那么，现在由我根据你自己的血统教义来质问你，你连自己老师的教义都没有掌握，你又怎能成功呢？” |
