vivicc’eva kāmehi |
Quite-withdrawn (from) sensuality, |
vivicca a-kusalehi dhammehi |
withdrawn (from) un-skillful Dhamma [teachings & qualities], |
sa-vitakkaṃ sa-vicāraṃ |
With-directed-thought, with-evaluation, |
vivekajaṃ pīti-sukhaṃ |
withdrawal-born rapture-&pleasure, |
paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. |
first Jhāna (he) enters, dwells. |
♦ tattha a-lobhassa pāripūriyā nekkhamma-vitakkaṃ vitakketi. |
576. Here, for non-greed fulfillment, renunciation-thoughts (he) thinks. |
tattha a-dosassa pāripūriyā abyāpāda-vitakkaṃ vitakketi. |
for non-hatred fulfillment, non-ill-will-thoughts (he) thinks. |
tattha a-mohassa pāripūriyā avihiṃsā-vitakkaṃ vitakketi. |
for non-delusion fulfillment, non-harm-thoughts (he) thinks. |
tattha a-lobhassa pāripūriyā vivitto hoti kāmehi. |
577. “Here, for fulfilling non-passion he is secluded from sensual pleasures. |
tattha a-dosassa pāripūriyā |
Here, for fulfilling non-aggression and |
a-mohassa pāripūriyā ca vivitto hoti pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi, |
fulfilling non-delusion he is secluded from unskillful phenomena. |
savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ |
And so he enters and remains in the first jhāna, |
paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. |
which includes directed thought and evaluation, as well as joy and pleasure born of seclusion. |
♦ vitakkāti tayo vitakkā — |
578. Directed thought: There are three kinds of directed thought, namely |
nekkhammavitakko |
the thought of renunciation, |
abyāpādavitakko |
the thought of non-aversion, |
avihiṃsāvitakko. |
and the thought of harmlessness. |
tattha paṭham-ābhinipāto vitakko, |
579. Here, directed thought is the first instance |
paṭiladdhassa vicaraṇaṃ vicāro. |
while evaluation is the evaluation of what is thereby received. |
yathā puriso dūrato purisaṃ passati āgacchantaṃ, |
580. Just as when a man sees someone approaching in the distance |
na ca tāva jānāti eso itthīti vā purisoti vā |
he does not yet know whether it is a woman or a man, |
yadā tu paṭilabhati itthīti vā purisoti vā |
but when he has received [the apperception] that “it is a woman” or “it is a man” or |
evaṃ vaṇṇoti vā evaṃ saṇṭhānoti vā |
that “it is of such color” or that “it is one of such shape,” |
ime vitakkayanto uttari upaparikkhanti |
then when he has thought this he further scrutinizes, |
kiṃ nu kho ayaṃ sīlavā udāhu dussīlo |
“How then, is he ethical or unethical, |
aḍḍho vā duggatoti vā. |
rich or poor?” |
evaṃ vicāro |
This is examination. |
vitakke appeti, |
With directed thought he fixes. |
vicāro cariyati ca anuvattati ca. |
With examination he moves about and turns over [what has been thought].” |
yathā pakkhī |
581. and just as a winged bird |
pubbaṃ āyūhati |
first accumulates [speed] |
pacchā nāyūhati |
and afterwards no more accumulates [speed, when gliding], |
yathā āyūhanā evaṃ vitakko, |
so too, thinking is like the accumulation [of speed], |
yathā pakkhānaṃ pasāraṇaṃ evaṃ vicāro anupālati vitakketi vicarati vicāreti. |
and like the out-stretchedness of the [gliding bird's] wings is exploring, |
vitakkayati vitakketi, |
[which] keeps preserving the thinkings |
anuvicarati vicāreti. |
and keeps preserving the explorings. |
kāma-saññāya paṭipakkho vitakko, |
582. sensual-desire-perceptions (is the) opposite (of) directed-thoughts, |
byāpāda-saññāya vihiṃsa-saññāya ca paṭipakkho vicāro. |
ill-will-perceptions & cruelty-perceptions (is the) opposite of evaluation. |
vitakkānaṃ kammaṃ a-kusalassa a-manasikāro, |
(such) thinking (is an) action (whereby the) un-skillful (gets) no-attention. |
vicārānaṃ kammaṃ jeṭṭhānaṃ saṃvāraṇā. |
(such) evaluation (is an) action (whereby the) forerunners (gets) restrained. |
yathā paliko tuṇhiko sajjhāyaṃ karoti evaṃ vitakko, |
583. just-as (a) reciter silently recites, such (is) directed-thoughts, |
yathā taṃyeva anupassati evaṃ vicāro. |
just-as that-recitation (he) contemplates, such (is) evaluation. |
yathā a-pariññā evaṃ vitakko. |
just-like incomplete-understanding, such (is) directed-thoughts, |
yathā pariññā evaṃ vicāro. |
just-like complete-understanding, such (is) evaluation. |
nirutti-paṭisambhidāyañca paṭibhāna-paṭisambhidāyañca vitakko, |
language-analysis & clarity-analysis (is) directed-thoughts, |
dhamma-paṭisambhidāyañca attha-paṭisambhidāyañca vicāro. |
idea-analysis & meaning-analysis (is) evaluation. |
kallitā kosallattaṃ cittassa vitakko, |
good-health; skill (of the) mind (regarding that), is directed-thoughts. |
abhinīhāra-kosallaṃ cittassa vicāro. |
Resolution-in-being-skillful; mind [in that mode], is evaluation. |
idaṃ kusalaṃ idaṃ akusalaṃ |
this (is) skillful, this (is) unskillful, |
idaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ idaṃ pahātabbaṃ |
this should-be-developed, this should-be-abandoned, |
idaṃ sacchikātabbanti |
this (is) to-be-verified, |
vitakko, |
[those are examples of] directed-thoughts, |
yathā pahānañca bhāvanā ca |
these-are abandoned, are developed, |
sacchikiriyā ca |
(these are) verified, |
evaṃ vicāro. |
evaluation [finishes the task set out by vitakka] |
imesu vitakka-vicāresu ṭhitassa |
584. these directed-thoughts-&-evaluations (being) steady, |
duvidhaṃ dukkhaṃ na uppajjati kāyikañca cetasikañca; |
two-fold suffering doesn't arise; bodily & mental; |
duvidhaṃ sukhaṃ uppajjati kāyikañca cetasikañca. |
two-fold pleasure arises; bodily & mental. |
iti vitakka-janitaṃ |
thus directed-thoughts-generates |
cetasikaṃ sukhaṃ |
mental pleasure, |
pīti kāyikaṃ |
rapture (in the) body, |
sukhaṃ kāyikoyeva. |
pleasure (in the) body. |
yā tattha cittassa ekaggatā, |
this here (is) mind's unification, |
ayaṃ samādhi. |
this is undistractable-lucidity. |
iti paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ |
Such is first jhāna, |
pañc-aṅga-vippahīnaṃ |
five-factors-abandoned, |
pañc-aṅga-samannāgataṃ. |
five-factors-possessed. |
Vitakka-vicārānaṃ vūpasamā |
(with) directed-thoughts-(and)-evaluation subsiding, |
ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ |
internal assurance, |
cetaso ekodi-bhāvaṃ |
mind has-become-singular, |
a-vitakkaṃ a-vicāraṃ |
No-directed-Thought, no-evaluation, |
samādhi-jaṃ pīti-sukhaṃ |
undistractable-lucidity—born rapture-&pleasure, |
dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. |
second Jhāna (he) enters, dwells. |
♦ tesaṃyeva vitakka-vicārānaṃ |
585. those directed-thoughts-&evaluation, |
abhikkhaṇaṃ āsevanāya |
(the) constant practice (of that), |
tassa tappoṇa-mānasaṃ hoti. |
(is what the) mind slopes toward. |
tassa vitakka-vicārā |
those directed-thoughts-&evaluation, |
oḷārikā khāyanti. |
coarse (is how they) appear (to him). |
yañca pīti-sukhañca nekkhammañca |
and-the rapture-&pleasure (born from) renunciation, [piti-sukha from first jhana] |
oḷārikaṃ bhavati. |
coarse (it) becomes (to him). |
api ca samādhi-jā pīti rati ca jāyati. |
and then undistractable-lucidity-induced rapture & relish is born. |
tassa vicār-ārammaṇaṃ. |
586. the evaluation-of-thought-objects [from first jhana V&V], |
tesaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ ceto sampasīdati. |
their calming [leads to] internal mental confidence. |
ye vitakka-vicārā |
those directed-thoughts-&evaluation |
dve dhamm-{an?-}ānus-saritabbā. |
[are] two dhammas (which) need {not?} be-recollected. |
pacc-uppannā daraṇitabbaṃ. |
presently-arisen {thinking & evaluation?} should-be-feared. |
tesaṃ vūpasamā |
with the calming [of directed-thoughts-&evaluation] |
Ekodi-bhāvaṃ citt-ekaggataṃ hoti. |
{there} becomes-singularity & mental-unification. |
tassa ekodi-bhāvena pīti pāripūriṃ gacchati. |
(with it) becoming-singular, rapture fulfillment happens. |
yā pīti, taṃ so-manass-indriyaṃ, |
whatever rapture, that (is) good-[happy]-mental-state-faculty. |
yaṃ sukhaṃ, taṃ sukh-indriyaṃ. |
whatever pleasure, that (is) [bodily] pleasure-faculty. |
yā citt-ekaggatā, ayaṃ samādhi. |
whatever mind-unification, that (is) undistractable-lucidity. |
taṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ |
this second jhana, |
catur-aṅga-samannāgataṃ. |
four-factors-(it)-possesses. |
pītiyā ca virāgā |
(with) Rapture ** fading, |
upekkhako ca viharati |
Equanimously-observing ** (he) dwells, |
sato ca sam-pajāno, |
(he is a) Rememberer, a clear-discerner, |
sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, |
pleasure with-the-body (he) experiences, |
yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti — |
that those Noble-Ones declare - |
‘upekkhako satimā sukha-vihārī’ti |
“(He is an) equanimous-observer (and a) Rememberer, (he has) pleasurable-abiding.” |
tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. |
third Jhāna (he) enters, dwells. |
so pītiyā virāgā |
587. he, (with) rapture's fading-away, |
yāti ojahi jalla-sahagataṃ. |
drives nutritive-essence wetness-,connected-with-that. |
♦ 73. tattha so-manassa-cittam-upādānanti{uppādayati} ca |
587. there happy-mental-state-(of)-mind-arises, [pīti leftover from 2nd jhana] |
so taṃ vicinanto upekkhameva manasi-karoti. |
he then investigates (that with) equanimous-obervation attention. |
so pītiyā virāgā |
he, (with) rapture's fading, |
upekkhako viharati. |
equanimously-observing (he) dwells. |
yathā ca pītiyā sukha-mānitaṃ, |
as-to the rapture induced-pleasure, |
taṃ kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti |
that, (with the) body (he) experiences, |
sam-pajāno viharati. |
(with) clear-discerning (of that he) dwells. |
yena sati-sampajaññena |
because-of remembrance-&clear-discerning, |
upekkhā-pāripūriṃ gacchati. |
equanimous-observation-fulfillment happens. |
idaṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ |
this third jhana, |
catur-aṅga-samannāgataṃ. |
four-factors-(it)-possesses. |
sukhassa ca pahānā |
Pleasure's ** abandoning, |
dukkhassa ca pahānā |
pain's ** abandoning, |
pubbeva so-manassa-do-manassānaṃ atthaṅgamā |
(with) previous elated-mental-state-(and)-distressed-mental-states’ disappearance, |
A-dukkham-a-sukhaṃ |
Neither-pain nor-pleasure |
Upekkhā-sati-pārisuddhiṃ |
equanimous-observation-(and)-remembrance-purified, |
catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati |
fourth Jhāna (he) enters, dwells. |
♦ tathā kāyikassa sukhassa pahānāya |
thus (with) body's pleasure abandoned, [from 3rd jhana] |
paṭhame jhāne so-{do-?}manass-indriyaṃ nirujjhati. |
(and) first jhana's distressed-mental-state-faculty ceased, |
dutiye jhāne dukkh-indriyaṃ nirujjhati. |
(and) second jhana's pain-faculty ceased. |
tattha catūhi indriyehi upekkhā pasādā{ap-pasanna?} hoti, |
Here, four faculties make equanimous-observation un-clarified: |
dukkh-indriyena do-manass-indriyena |
pain-faculty, distressed-mental-state-faculty, |
sukh-indriyena so-manass-indriyena ca. |
pleasure-faculty, elated-mental-state-faculty. |
tesaṃ nirodhā upekkhā-sampajaññaṃ hoti, |
With-their cessation {there is} equanimous-observation-&-clear-discerning. |
tattha sukh-indriyena so-manass-indriyena |
There [in previous jhanas], pleasure-faculty and elated-mental-state-faculty |
ca a-sati hoti, |
[caused] non-remembrance. |
tesaṃ nirodhā satimā hoti, |
With-their cessation {there is} remembrance. |
dukkh-indriyena do-manass-indriyena |
[Because of] pain-faculty and distressed-mental-state-faculty, |
ca a-sam-pajaññaṃ, |
[that caused] un-clear-discerning. |
tesaṃ nirodhā sam-pajaññaṃ hoti, |
With-their cessation, {there is} clear-discerning. |
iti upekkhāya ca saññā{pasann-attā?}, |
[Because of] equanimous-observation's clarification, |
sato sampajāno citt-ekaggatā ca |
Remembrance, clear-discerning, and mind-unification happen. |
idaṃ vuccate ca catutthaṃ jhānaṃ. |
This is called ** fourth jhāna. |