| Samaṇamuṇḍikasutta |
With Uggāhamāna Samaṇamuṇḍika |
与乌伽哈玛那·沙玛那木迪卡 |
| Evaṃ me sutaṃ— |
So I have heard. |
如是我闻。 |
| ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. |
At one time the Buddha was staying near Sāvatthī in Jeta’s Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s monastery. |
一次，佛陀住在舍卫城附近的祇树林中，阿那邠坻迦的寺院里。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto samayappavādake tindukācīre ekasālake mallikāya ārāme paṭivasati mahatiyā paribbājakaparisāya saddhiṃ pañcamattehi paribbājakasatehi. |
Now at that time the wanderer Uggāhamāna Samaṇamuṇḍikāputta was residing together with around three hundred wanderers in Mallikā’s single-halled monastery for group debates, set among the flaking pale-moon ebony trees. |
当时，游方者乌伽哈玛那·沙玛那木迪卡普塔与大约三百名游方者一起，住在末利卡单厅寺院的辩论场，寺院坐落在剥落的淡月乌木树林中。 |
| Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati sāvatthiyā nikkhami divā divassa bhagavantaṃ dassanāya. |
Then the master builder Pañcakaṅga left Sāvatthī in the middle of the day to see the Buddha. |
那时，建筑大师般遮迦迦从中午的舍卫城出发，去拜见佛陀。 |
| Atha kho pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa etadahosi: |
Then it occurred to him: |
然后他想： |
| “akālo kho tāva bhagavantaṃ dassanāya; |
“It’s the wrong time to see the Buddha, |
“现在不是拜见佛陀的正确时间， |
| paṭisallīno bhagavā. |
as he’s in retreat. |
因为他正在闭关。 |
| Manobhāvaniyānampi bhikkhūnaṃ asamayo dassanāya; |
And it’s the wrong time to see the esteemed monks, |
也不是拜见受尊敬的比丘们的正确时间， |
| paṭisallīnā manobhāvaniyā bhikkhū. |
as they’re in retreat. |
因为他们正在闭关。 |
| Yannūnāhaṃ yena samayappavādako tindukācīro ekasālako mallikāya ārāmo yena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto tenupasaṅkameyyan”ti. |
Why don’t I go to Mallikā’s monastery to visit the wanderer Uggāhamāna?” |
我何不去末利卡寺院拜访游方者乌伽哈玛那呢？” |
| Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati yena samayappavādako tindukācīro ekasālako mallikāya ārāmo yena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto tenupasaṅkami. |
So that’s what he did. |
于是他照做了。 |
| Tena kho pana samayena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto mahatiyā paribbājakaparisāya saddhiṃ nisinno hoti unnādiniyā uccāsaddamahāsaddāya anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathentiyā, seyyathidaṃ— |
Now at that time, Uggāhamāna was sitting together with a large assembly of wanderers making an uproar, a dreadful racket. They engaged in all kinds of unworthy talk, such as |
那时，乌伽哈玛那正与一大群游方者坐在一起，喧哗吵闹，发出可怕的噪音。他们从事各种不值得的谈论，例如： |
+78.1 – (Uggāhamāna's invincible ascetic— no bad body action, word, thought, livelihood) |
| rājakathaṃ corakathaṃ mahāmattakathaṃ senākathaṃ bhayakathaṃ yuddhakathaṃ annakathaṃ pānakathaṃ vatthakathaṃ sayanakathaṃ mālākathaṃ gandhakathaṃ ñātikathaṃ yānakathaṃ gāmakathaṃ nigamakathaṃ nagarakathaṃ janapadakathaṃ itthikathaṃ sūrakathaṃ visikhākathaṃ kumbhaṭṭhānakathaṃ pubbapetakathaṃ nānattakathaṃ lokakkhāyikaṃ samuddakkhāyikaṃ itibhavābhavakathaṃ iti vā. |
talk about kings, bandits, and ministers; talk about armies, threats, and wars; talk about food, drink, clothes, and beds; talk about garlands and fragrances; talk about family, vehicles, villages, towns, cities, and countries; talk about women and heroes; street talk and well talk; talk about the departed; motley talk; tales of land and sea; and talk about being reborn in this or that state of existence. |
谈论国王、强盗、大臣；谈论军队、威胁、战争；谈论食物、饮料、衣服、床铺；谈论花环和香料；谈论家庭、交通工具、村庄、城镇、城市和国家；谈论女人和英雄；街谈巷议和井边闲聊；谈论逝者；杂七杂八的谈论；陆地和海洋的故事；以及谈论投生到此或彼的存在状态。 |
| Addasā kho uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. |
Uggāhamāna saw Pañcakaṅga coming off in the distance, |
乌伽哈玛那远远看到般遮迦迦走来， |
| Disvāna sakaṃ parisaṃ saṇṭhāpesi: |
and hushed his own assembly: |
就让自己的集会安静下来： |
| “appasaddā bhonto hontu, mā bhonto saddamakattha; |
“Be quiet, good sirs, don’t make a sound. |
“诸位，安静，不要发出声音。 |
| ayaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa sāvako āgacchati pañcakaṅgo thapati. |
Here comes Pañcakaṅga, a disciple of the ascetic Gotama. |
沙门乔达摩的弟子般遮迦迦来了。 |
| Yāvatā kho pana samaṇassa gotamassa sāvakā gihī odātavasanā sāvatthiyaṃ paṭivasanti ayaṃ tesaṃ aññataro pañcakaṅgo thapati. |
He is included among the white-clothed lay disciples of the ascetic Gotama, who is residing in Sāvatthī. |
他属于住在舍卫城的沙门乔达摩的白衣在家弟子。 |
| Appasaddakāmā kho pana te āyasmanto appasaddavinītā appasaddassa vaṇṇavādino; |
Such venerables like the quiet, are educated to be quiet, and praise the quiet. |
像这些受尊敬的人喜欢安静，受教育要安静，并且赞扬安静。 |
| appeva nāma appasaddaṃ parisaṃ viditvā upasaṅkamitabbaṃ maññeyyā”ti. |
Hopefully if he sees that our assembly is quiet he’ll see fit to approach.” |
希望他看到我们的集会安静时，会认为适合走近。” |
| Atha kho te paribbājakā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. |
Then those wanderers fell silent. |
于是那些游方者都安静下来。 |
| Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati yena uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā uggāhamānena paribbājakena samaṇamuṇḍikāputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. |
Then Pañcakaṅga approached Uggāhamāna, and exchanged greetings with him. |
于是般遮迦迦走近乌伽哈玛那，与他互致问候。 |
| Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ uggāhamāno paribbājako samaṇamuṇḍikāputto etadavoca: |
When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side. Uggāhamāna said to him: |
问候和客套话结束后，他坐到一边。乌伽哈玛那对他说： |
| “catūhi kho ahaṃ, gahapati, dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi sampannakusalaṃ paramakusalaṃ uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjhaṃ. |
“Householder, when an individual has four Dharmas I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment. |
“居士，当一个人具足四法时，我称他为无敌的苦行者——善巧成就，善巧卓越，达到最高成就。 |
| Katamehi catūhi? |
What four? |
是哪四法呢？ |
| Idha, gahapati, na kāyena pāpakammaṃ karoti, na pāpakaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, na pāpakaṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappeti, na pāpakaṃ ājīvaṃ ājīvati— |
It’s when they do no bad deeds with their body; speak no bad words; resolve no bad resolves; and don’t earn a living by bad livelihood. |
就是他们身不作恶，口不恶言，意不恶愿，不以恶谋生。 |
| imehi kho ahaṃ, gahapati, catūhi dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi sampannakusalaṃ paramakusalaṃ uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjhan”ti. |
When an individual has these four Dharmas I describe them as an invincible ascetic.” |
当一个人具足这四法时，我称他为无敌的苦行者。” |
| Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati uggāhamānassa paribbājakassa samaṇamuṇḍikāputtassa bhāsitaṃ neva abhinandi nappaṭikkosi. |
Then Pañcakaṅga neither approved nor dismissed that monk’s statement. |
于是般遮迦迦对那比丘的说法既不赞同也不驳斥。 |
| Anabhinanditvā appaṭikkositvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi: |
He got up from his seat, thinking: |
他从座位上站起来，心想： |
| “bhagavato santike etassa bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājānissāmī”ti. |
“I will learn the meaning of this statement from the Buddha himself.” |
“我将亲自向佛陀学习这句话的含义。” |
| Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. |
Then he went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, |
于是他去见佛陀，顶礼后坐到一边， |
§1.1 – (Buddha makes fun of him, compare to baby) |
| Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho pañcakaṅgo thapati yāvatako ahosi uggāhamānena paribbājakena samaṇamuṇḍikāputtena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. |
and informed the Buddha of all that had been discussed. |
并将所有讨论过的事情禀告给佛陀。 |
| Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca: |
When he had spoken, the Buddha said to him: |
当他说完后，佛陀对他说： |
| “evaṃ sante kho, thapati, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako sampannakusalo bhavissati paramakusalo uttamapattipatto samaṇo ayojjho, yathā uggāhamānassa paribbājakassa samaṇamuṇḍikāputtassa vacanaṃ. |
“Master builder, if what Uggāhamāna says is true, a little baby boy is an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment. |
“建筑大师，如果乌伽哈玛那所说的是真的，那么一个小婴儿就是无敌的苦行者——善巧成就，善巧卓越，达到最高成就。 |
| Daharassa hi, thapati, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa kāyotipi na hoti, kuto pana kāyena pāpakammaṃ karissati, aññatra phanditamattā. |
For a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘a body’, so how could they possibly do a bad deed with their body, apart from just wriggling? |
因为小婴儿甚至没有‘身体’的概念，除了扭动之外，他们怎么可能用身体做坏事呢？ |
| Daharassa hi, thapati, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa vācātipi na hoti, kuto pana pāpakaṃ vācaṃ bhāsissati, aññatra roditamattā. |
And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘speech’, so how could they possibly speak bad words, apart from just crying? |
小婴儿甚至没有‘言语’的概念，除了哭泣之外，他们怎么可能说坏话呢？ |
| Daharassa hi, thapati, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa saṅkappotipi na hoti, kuto pana pāpakaṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappissati, aññatra vikūjitamattā. |
And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘resolve’, so how could they possibly resolve bad resolves, apart from just whimpering? |
小婴儿甚至没有‘决心’的概念，除了呜咽之外，他们怎么可能下坏决心呢？ |
| Daharassa hi, thapati, kumārassa mandassa uttānaseyyakassa ājīvotipi na hoti, kuto pana pāpakaṃ ājīvaṃ ājīvissati, aññatra mātuthaññā. |
And a little baby doesn’t even have a concept of ‘livelihood’, so how could they possibly earn a living by bad livelihood, apart from their mother’s breast? |
小婴儿甚至没有‘生计’的概念，除了母亲的乳房之外，他们怎么可能以不正当的方式谋生呢？ |
| ❧
+78.2 – (Buddha’s ideal ascetic has 10 Dharmas) |
| Evaṃ sante kho, thapati, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako sampannakusalo bhavissati paramakusalo uttamapattipatto samaṇo ayojjho, yathā uggāhamānassa paribbājakassa samaṇamuṇḍikāputtassa vacanaṃ. |
If what Uggāhamāna says is true, a little baby boy is an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment. |
如果乌伽哈玛那所说的是真的，那么一个小婴儿就是无敌的苦行者——善巧成就，善巧卓越，达到最高成就。” |
| Catūhi kho ahaṃ, thapati, dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi na ceva sampannakusalaṃ na paramakusalaṃ na uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjhaṃ, api cimaṃ daharaṃ kumāraṃ mandaṃ uttānaseyyakaṃ samadhigayha tiṭṭhati. |
When an individual has four Dharmas I describe them, not as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment—but as having achieved the same level as a little baby. |
当一个人具足四法时，我称他们不是无敌的苦行者——善巧成就，善巧卓越，达到最高成就——而是达到了与小婴儿相同的水平。 |
| Katamehi catūhi? |
What four? |
是哪四法呢？ |
| Idha, thapati, na kāyena pāpakammaṃ karoti, na pāpakaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati, na pāpakaṃ saṅkappaṃ saṅkappeti, na pāpakaṃ ājīvaṃ ājīvati— |
It’s when they do no bad deeds with their body; speak no bad words; resolve no bad resolves; and don’t earn a living by bad livelihood. |
就是他们身不作恶，口不恶言，意不恶愿，不以恶谋生。 |
§2.2 – (but these things need to be understood first) |
| imehi kho ahaṃ, thapati, catūhi dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi na ceva sampannakusalaṃ na paramakusalaṃ na uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjhaṃ, api cimaṃ daharaṃ kumāraṃ mandaṃ uttānaseyyakaṃ samadhigayha tiṭṭhati. |
When an individual has these four Dharmas I describe them, not as an invincible ascetic, but as having achieved the same level as a little baby. |
当一个人具足这四法时，我称他们不是无敌的苦行者，而是达到了与小婴儿相同的水平。 |
| Dasahi kho ahaṃ, thapati, dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi sampannakusalaṃ paramakusalaṃ uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjhaṃ. |
When an individual has ten Dharmas, master builder, I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment. |
建筑大师，当一个人具足十法时，我称他们为无敌的苦行者——善巧成就，善巧卓越，达到最高成就。 |
| Ime akusalā sīlā; |
But certain things must first be understood, I say. ‘These are unskillful behaviors.’ |
但我说，首先必须理解某些事情。“这些是不善的行为。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Itosamuṭṭhānā akusalā sīlā; |
‘Unskillful behaviors stem from this.’ |
“不善行为源于此。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Idha akusalā sīlā aparisesā nirujjhanti; |
‘Here unskillful behaviors cease without anything left over.’ |
“不善行为在此彻底止息。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Evaṃ paṭipanno akusalānaṃ sīlānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti; |
‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors.’ |
“像这样修行的人，是为不善行为的止息而修行。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Ime kusalā sīlā; |
‘These are skillful behaviors.’ |
“这些是善巧的行为。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Itosamuṭṭhānā kusalā sīlā; |
‘Skillful behaviors stem from this.’ |
“善巧行为源于此。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Idha kusalā sīlā aparisesā nirujjhanti; |
‘Here skillful behaviors cease without anything left over.’ |
“善巧行为在此彻底止息。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Evaṃ paṭipanno kusalānaṃ sīlānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti; |
‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors.’ |
“像这样修行的人，是为善巧行为的止息而修行。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Ime akusalā saṅkappā; |
‘These are unskillful resolves.’ |
“这些是不善的决意。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Itosamuṭṭhānā akusalā saṅkappā; |
‘Unskillful resolves stem from this.’ |
“不善的决意源于此。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Idha akusalā saṅkappā aparisesā nirujjhanti; |
‘Here unskillful resolves cease without anything left over.’ |
“不善的决意在此彻底止息。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Evaṃ paṭipanno akusalānaṃ saṅkappānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti; |
‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful resolves.’ |
“像这样修行的人，是为不善决意的止息而修行。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Ime kusalā saṅkappā; |
‘These are skillful resolves.’ |
“这些是善巧的决意。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Itosamuṭṭhānā kusalā saṅkappā; |
‘Skillful resolves stem from this.’ |
“善巧的决意源于此。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Idha kusalā saṅkappā aparisesā nirujjhanti; |
‘Here skillful resolves cease without anything left over.’ |
“善巧的决意在此彻底止息。” |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Evaṃ paṭipanno kusalānaṃ saṅkappānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti; |
‘Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful resolves.’ |
“像这样修行的人，是为善巧决意的止息而修行。” |
| ❧
+78.3 – (What are unskillful behaviors) |
| tamahaṃ, thapati, veditabbanti vadāmi. |
|
|
| Katame ca, thapati, akusalā sīlā? |
And what, master builder, are unskillful behaviors? |
建筑大师，什么是不善行为？ |
| Akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ, akusalaṃ vacīkammaṃ, pāpako ājīvo— |
Unskillful deeds by way of body and speech, and bad livelihood. |
身、语方面的恶行，以及邪命。 |
§3.1 – (Where do them stem from? ) |
| ime vuccanti, thapati, akusalā sīlā. |
These are called unskillful behaviors. |
这些被称为不善行为。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, akusalā sīlā kiṃsamuṭṭhānā? |
And where do these unskillful behaviors stem from? |
这些不善行为源于何处？ |
| Samuṭṭhānampi nesaṃ vuttaṃ. |
Where they stem from has been stated. |
它们源于何处已经说明。 |
| ‘Cittasamuṭṭhānā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. |
You should say that they stem from the mind. |
你应该说它们源于心。 |
| Katamaṃ cittaṃ? |
What mind? |
什么心呢？ |
| Cittampi hi bahuṃ anekavidhaṃ nānappakārakaṃ. |
The mind takes many and diverse forms. |
心有多种多样的形式。 |
§3.2 – (How do they cease? ) |
| Yaṃ cittaṃ sarāgaṃ sadosaṃ samohaṃ, itosamuṭṭhānā akusalā sīlā. |
But unskillful behaviors stem from a mind that has greed, hate, and delusion. |
但不如法的行为源于贪、瞋、痴之心。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, akusalā sīlā kuhiṃ aparisesā nirujjhanti? |
And where do these unskillful behaviors cease without anything left over? |
这些不善行为在何处彻底止息？ |
| Nirodhopi nesaṃ vutto. |
Their cessation has also been stated. |
它们的止息也已说明。 |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu kāyaduccaritaṃ pahāya kāyasucaritaṃ bhāveti, vacīduccaritaṃ pahāya vacīsucaritaṃ bhāveti, manoduccaritaṃ pahāya manosucaritaṃ bhāveti, micchājīvaṃ pahāya sammājīvena jīvitaṃ kappeti— |
It’s when a monk gives up bad conduct by way of body, speech, and mind, and develops good conduct by way of body, speech, and mind; they give up wrong livelihood and earn a living by right livelihood. |
那就是比丘放弃身、语、意的不善行为，发展身、语、意的善行；他们放弃邪命，以正命谋生。 |
§3.3 – (what’s the practice for their cessation? Right effort) |
| etthete akusalā sīlā aparisesā nirujjhanti. |
This is where these unskillful behaviors cease without anything left over. |
这就是这些不善行为彻底止息的地方。 |
| Kathaṃ paṭipanno, thapati, akusalānaṃ sīlānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti? |
And how is someone practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors? |
如何为不善行为的止息而修行？ |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; |
It’s when a monk generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful Dharmas don’t arise. |
那就是比丘生起精进，努力，奋斗，策发心力，精勤努力，以使不善法不生起。 |
| uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; |
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that bad, unskillful Dharmas that have arisen are given up. |
他们生起精进，努力，奋斗，策发心力，精勤努力，以使已生起的不善法被舍弃。 |
| anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; |
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful Dharmas arise. |
他们生起精进，努力，奋斗，策发心力，精勤努力，以使善法生起。 |
| uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. |
They generate enthusiasm, try, make an effort, exert the mind, and strive so that skillful Dharmas that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are completed by development. |
他们生起精进，努力，奋斗，策发心力，精勤努力，以使已生起的善法保持，不失，增长，成熟，并通过发展而圆满。 |
| ❧
+78.4 – (What are kusala sila? ) |
| Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, thapati, akusalānaṃ sīlānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. |
Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful behaviors. |
像这样修行的人，是为不善行为的止息而修行。 |
| Katame ca, thapati, kusalā sīlā? |
And what are skillful behaviors? |
什么是善巧行为？ |
| Kusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ, kusalaṃ vacīkammaṃ, ājīvaparisuddhampi kho ahaṃ, thapati, sīlasmiṃ vadāmi. |
Skillful deeds by way of body and speech, and purified livelihood are included in behavior, I say. |
我说，身语的善行和清净的生计都包含在行为中。 |
§4.1 – (where do they stem from?) |
| Ime vuccanti, thapati, kusalā sīlā. |
These are called skillful behaviors. |
这些被称为善巧行为。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, kusalā sīlā kiṃsamuṭṭhānā? |
And where do these skillful behaviors stem from? |
这些善巧行为源于何处？ |
| Samuṭṭhānampi nesaṃ vuttaṃ. |
Where they stem from has been stated. |
它们源于何处已经说明。 |
| ‘Cittasamuṭṭhānā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. |
You should say that they stem from the mind. |
你应该说它们源于心。 |
| Katamaṃ cittaṃ? |
What mind? |
什么心呢？ |
| Cittampi hi bahuṃ anekavidhaṃ nānappakārakaṃ. |
The mind takes many and diverse forms. |
心有多种多样的形式。 |
§4.2 – (where do they cease? ) |
| Yaṃ cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ vītadosaṃ vītamohaṃ, itosamuṭṭhānā kusalā sīlā. |
But skillful behaviors stem from a mind that is free from greed, hate, and delusion. |
但善巧的行为源于无贪、无瞋、无痴之心。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, kusalā sīlā kuhiṃ aparisesā nirujjhanti? |
And where do these skillful behaviors cease without anything left over? |
这些善巧行为在何处彻底止息？ |
| Nirodhopi nesaṃ vutto. |
Their cessation has also been stated. |
它们的止息也已说明。 |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti no ca sīlamayo, |
It’s when a monk behaves ethically, but they don’t identify with their ethical behavior. |
那就是比丘行为合乎道德，但他们不执著于自己的道德行为。 |
§4.3 – (Kusala sīla purified by right effort) |
| tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; yatthassa te kusalā sīlā aparisesā nirujjhanti. |
And they truly understand the freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom where these skillful behaviors cease without anything left over. |
他们真实地理解心解脱和慧解脱，在那里这些善巧行为彻底止息。 |
| Kathaṃ paṭipanno ca, thapati, kusalānaṃ sīlānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti? |
And how is someone practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors? |
如何为善巧行为的止息而修行？ |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; |
It’s when a monk generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful Dharmas don’t arise … |
那就是比丘生起精进，努力，奋斗，策发心力，精勤努力，以使不善法不生起…… |
| uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya … pe … |
so that unskillful Dharmas are given up … |
以使不善法被舍弃…… |
| anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya … pe … |
so that skillful Dharmas arise … |
以使善法生起…… |
| uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. |
so that skillful Dharmas that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fulfilled by development. |
以使已生起的善法保持，不失，增长，成熟，并通过发展而圆满。 |
| ❧
+78.5 – (what are 3 akusalā saṅkappā? exact opposite of 3 aspects of right resolve, lust, ill will, harm) |
| Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, thapati, kusalānaṃ sīlānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. |
Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful behaviors. |
像这样修行的人，是为善巧行为的止息而修行。 |
| Katame ca, thapati, akusalā saṅkappā? |
And what are unskillful resolves? |
什么是不善的决意？ |
| Kāmasaṅkappo, byāpādasaṅkappo, vihiṃsāsaṅkappo— |
resolves of sensuality, of malice, and of cruelty. |
欲念的决意，恶意，以及残酷。 |
§5.1 – (Akusalā saṅkappā depend on 3 perceptions based on opposite of right resolves, lust, ill will, harm) |
| ime vuccanti, thapati, akusalā saṅkappā. |
These are called unskillful resolves. |
这些被称为不善的决意。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, akusalā saṅkappā kiṃsamuṭṭhānā? |
And where do these unskillful resolves stem from? |
这些不善的决意源于何处？ |
| Samuṭṭhānampi nesaṃ vuttaṃ. |
Where they stem from has been stated. |
它们源于何处已经说明。 |
| ‘Saññāsamuṭṭhānā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. |
You should say that they stem from perception. |
你应该说它们源于想。 |
| Katamā saññā? |
What perception? |
什么想呢？ |
| Saññāpi hi bahū anekavidhā nānappakārakā. |
Perception takes many and diverse forms. |
想有多种多样的形式。 |
| Kāmasaññā, byāpādasaññā, vihiṃsāsaññā— |
Perceptions of sensuality, malice, and cruelty— |
欲念、恶意、残酷之想—— |
§5.2 – (akusalā saṅkappā cease in first jhāna) |
| itosamuṭṭhānā akusalā saṅkappā. |
unskillful resolves stem from this. |
不善的决意源于此。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, akusalā saṅkappā kuhiṃ aparisesā nirujjhanti? |
And where do these unskillful resolves cease without anything left over? |
这些不善的决意在何处彻底止息？ |
| Nirodhopi nesaṃ vutto. |
Their cessation has also been stated. |
它们的止息也已说明。 |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi … pe … paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; |
It’s when a monk, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful Dharmas, enters and remains in the first jhāna, which has the rapture and pleasure born of seclusion, while directing-thought and evaluation. |
那就是比丘完全远离感官享乐，远离不善法，进入并安住于初禅，初禅伴随着离生喜乐，同时有寻有伺。 |
§5.3 – (right effort does the work of removing akusalā saṅkappā within, and prior to first jhāna) |
| etthete akusalā saṅkappā aparisesā nirujjhanti. |
This is where these unskillful resolves cease without anything left over. |
这就是这些不善的决意彻底止息的地方。 |
| Kathaṃ paṭipanno ca, thapati, akusalānaṃ saṅkappānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti? |
And how is someone practicing for the cessation of unskillful resolves? |
如何为不善决意的止息而修行？ |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; |
It’s when a monk generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful Dharmas don’t arise … |
那就是比丘生起精进，努力，奋斗，策发心力，精勤努力，以使不善法不生起…… |
| uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya … pe … |
so that unskillful Dharmas are given up … |
以使不善法被舍弃…… |
| anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya … pe … |
so that skillful Dharmas arise … |
以使善法生起…… |
| uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. |
so that skillful Dharmas that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fulfilled by development. |
以使已生起的善法保持，不失，增长，成熟，并通过发展而圆满。 |
| ❧
+78.6 – (what are 3 kusalā saṅkappā? same 3 aspects of Right Resolve) |
| Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, thapati, akusalānaṃ saṅkappānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. |
Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of unskillful resolves. |
像这样修行的人，是为不善决意的止息而修行。 |
| Katame ca, thapati, kusalā saṅkappā? |
And what are skillful resolves? |
什么是善巧的决意？ |
| Nekkhammasaṅkappo, abyāpādasaṅkappo, avihiṃsāsaṅkappo— |
resolves of renunciation, non-ill-will, and nonharm. |
出离心、无恶意、无害心。 |
§6.1 – (kusalā saṅkappā depend on the 3 kusala perceptions) |
| ime vuccanti, thapati, kusalā saṅkappā. |
These are called skillful resolves. |
这些被称为善巧的决意。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, kusalā saṅkappā kiṃsamuṭṭhānā? |
And where do these skillful resolves stem from? |
这些善巧的决意源于何处？ |
| Samuṭṭhānampi nesaṃ vuttaṃ. |
Where they stem from has been stated. |
它们源于何处已经说明。 |
| ‘Saññāsamuṭṭhānā’tissa vacanīyaṃ. |
You should say that they stem from perception. |
你应该说它们源于想。 |
| Katamā saññā? |
What perception? |
什么想呢？ |
| Saññāpi hi bahū anekavidhā nānappakārakā. |
Perception takes many and diverse forms. |
想有多种多样的形式。 |
| Nekkhammasaññā, abyāpādasaññā, avihiṃsāsaññā— |
Perceptions of renunciation, non-ill-will, and kindness— |
出离心、无恶意、慈悲心之想—— |
§6.2 – (kusalā saṅkappā cease in 2nd jhāna) |
| itosamuṭṭhānā kusalā saṅkappā. |
skillful resolves stem from this. |
善巧的决意源于此。 |
| Ime ca, thapati, kusalā saṅkappā kuhiṃ aparisesā nirujjhanti? |
And where do these skillful resolves cease without anything left over? |
这些善巧的决意在何处彻底止息？ |
| Nirodhopi nesaṃ vutto. |
Their cessation has also been stated. |
它们的止息也已说明。 |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā … pe … dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; |
It’s when, as the directed-thought and evaluation are stilled, a monk enters and remains in the second jhāna, which has the rapture and pleasure born of undistractible-lucidity, with internal clarity and confidence, and unified mind, without directing-thought and evaluation. |
那就是当寻和伺止息时，比丘进入并安住于第二禅，第二禅伴随着由无散乱明晰所生的喜乐，内心清净自信，心一境性，无寻无伺。 |
| etthete kusalā saṅkappā aparisesā nirujjhanti. |
This is where these skillful resolves cease without anything left over. |
这就是这些善巧的决意彻底止息的地方。 |
[Skillful resolves are still active in first jhāna. Those skillful resolves manifest as the directed thoughts and evaluation (
| Kathaṃ paṭipanno ca, thapati, kusalānaṃ saṅkappānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti? |
And how is someone practicing for the cessation of skillful resolves? |
如何为善巧决意的止息而修行？ |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; |
It’s when a monk generates enthusiasm, tries, makes an effort, exerts the mind, and strives so that bad, unskillful Dharmas don’t arise … |
那就是比丘生起精进，努力，奋斗，策发心力，精勤努力，以使不善法不生起…… |
| uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya … pe … |
so that unskillful Dharmas are given up … |
以使不善法被舍弃…… |
| anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya … pe … |
so that skillful Dharmas arise … |
以使善法生起…… |
| uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. |
so that skillful Dharmas that have arisen remain, are not lost, but increase, mature, and are fulfilled by development. |
以使已生起的善法保持，不失，增长，成熟，并通过发展而圆满。 |
| ❧
|
| Evaṃ paṭipanno kho, thapati, kusalānaṃ saṅkappānaṃ nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. |
Someone practicing like this is practicing for the cessation of skillful resolves. |
像这样修行的人，是为善巧决意的止息而修行。 |
| Katamehi cāhaṃ, thapati, dasahi dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi sampannakusalaṃ paramakusalaṃ uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjhaṃ? |
Master builder, when an individual has what ten Dharmas do I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment? |
建筑大师，当一个人具足哪十法时，我称他们为无敌的苦行者——善巧成就，善巧卓越，达到最高成就？ |
| Idha, thapati, bhikkhu asekhāya sammādiṭṭhiyā samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāsaṅkappena samannāgato hoti, asekhāya sammāvācāya samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammākammantena samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāājīvena samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāvāyāmena samannāgato hoti, asekhāya sammāsatiyā samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāsamādhinā samannāgato hoti, asekhena sammāñāṇena samannāgato hoti, asekhāya sammāvimuttiyā samannāgato hoti— |
It’s when a monk has an adept’s right view, right resolve, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right remembering, right undistractible-lucidity, right knowledge, and right freedom. |
那就是比丘具足学人的正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定、正智和正解脱。 |
| imehi kho ahaṃ, thapati, dasahi dhammehi samannāgataṃ purisapuggalaṃ paññapemi sampannakusalaṃ paramakusalaṃ uttamapattipattaṃ samaṇaṃ ayojjhan”ti. |
When an individual has these ten Dharmas, I describe them as an invincible ascetic—accomplished in the skillful, excelling in the skillful, attained to the highest attainment.” |
当一个人具足这十法时，我称他们为无敌的苦行者——善巧成就，善巧卓越，达到最高成就。” |
- (right effort removes kusala sankappa from first jhāna resulting in no V&V of 2nd jhāna)
