4👑☸ Cattāri Ariya-saccaṃ 四聖諦

AN 8.63 Saṅkhitta-sutta

in brief

AN 8.63 Saṅkhitta-sutta	AN 8.63 - 🔗🔊 In Brief
	(derived from Thanissaro trans. Thai 8:70)
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami … pe …	Then a certain monk went to the Blessed One and, on arrival, having bowed down to him, sat to one side.
ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca:	As he was sitting there he said to the Blessed One:
“sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu,	“It would be good if the Blessed One would teach me the Dhamma in brief so that,
yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyyan”ti.	having heard the Dhamma from the Blessed One, I might dwell alone in seclusion: heedful, ardent, & resolute.”
“Evamevaṃ panidhekacce moghapurisā mamaññeva ajjhesanti.	“But it is in just this way that some worthless men make a request but then,
Dhamme ca bhāsite mamaññeva anubandhitabbaṃ maññantī”ti.	having been told the Dhamma, think they should tag along right behind me.”
“Desetu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ,	“May the Blessed One teach me the Dhamma in brief!
desetu sugato saṃkhittena dhammaṃ.	May the One Well-Gone teach me the Dhamma in brief!
Appeva nāmāhaṃ bhagavato bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājāneyyaṃ,	It may well be that I will understand the Blessed One’s words.
appeva nāmāhaṃ bhagavato bhāsitassa dāyādo assan”ti.	It may well be that I will become an heir to the Blessed One’s words.”

(preliminary practice, proxy for removing 5niv)

“Tasmātiha te,bhikkhu, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ:	“Then, monk, you should train yourself thus:
‘ajjhattaṃ me cittaṃ ṭhitaṃ bhavissati susaṇṭhitaṃ,	‘My mind will be established inwardly, well-composed.
na ca uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassantī’ti.	No evil, unskillful qualities, once they have arisen, will remain consuming the mind.’
Evañhi te,bhikkhu, sikkhitabbaṃ.	That’s how you should train yourself.
Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ajjhattaṃ cittaṃ ṭhitaṃ hoti susaṇṭhitaṃ,	having done that...
na ca uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti,	…

(1. 4Bv #1: mettā me ceto-vimutti)

tato te,bhikkhu, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ:	“Then you should train yourself thus:
‘mettā me ceto-vimutti bhāvitā	‘Good-will, as my awareness-release development,
bhavissati	(will be) developed,
bahulī-katā yānī-katā	Much-pursued, given a means of transport,
vatthu-katā anuṭ-ṭhitā	given a grounding, steadied,
paricitā su-samāraddhā’ti.	consolidated, & well-undertaken.’
Evañhi te,bhikkhu, sikkhitabbaṃ.	That’s how you should train yourself.
Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato,	When you have developed this undistractible-lucidity in this way,
tato tvaṃ,bhikkhu,	then

(combine that with samādhi in 3 ways which fulfills 7sb☀️ and 4j🌕 )

	(samādhi in 3 ways fulfills (7sb → 1-6 🐘💭… 🌄) and 4j jhānas)
imaṃ samādhiṃ	this undistractible-lucidty
(1) sa-vi-takkampi sa-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(1) with-directed-thought & with-evaluation (you should) develop,
(2) a-vi-takkampi vicāra-mattaṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(2) Without-directed-thought & a-modicum-of-evaluation (you should) develop,
(3) a-vi-takkampi a-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(3) Without-directed-thought & wiithout-evaluation (you should) develop,
Sap-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	(7sb → 4. 😁) With-rapture (you should) develop,
nip-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	Without-rapture (you should) develop,
sāta-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi,	Endowed-with-satisfaction (you should) develop,
upekkhā-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi.	(7sb → 7. 🛆👁 ) Endowed-with-equanimous-observation (you should) develop,

(2. 4Bv #2: karuṇā me ceto-vimutti)

Yato kho, te bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti subhāvito,	“When this undistractible-lucidity is thus developed, thus well-developed by you,
tato te,bhikkhu, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ:	you should then train yourself thus:
‘karuṇā me ceto-vimutti …	‘Compassion, as my awareness-release...

(3. 4Bv #3: muditā me ceto-vimutti)

muditā me ceto-vimutti …

… Empathetic joy, as my awareness-release.

(4. 4Bv #4: upekkhā me ceto-vimutti)

upekkhā me ceto-vimutti bhāvitā	… Equanimity, as my awareness-release development
bhavissati	(will be) developed,
bahulī-katā yānī-katā	Much-pursued, given a means of transport,
vatthu-katā anuṭ-ṭhitā	given a grounding, steadied,
paricitā su-samāraddhā’ti.	consolidated, & well-undertaken.’
Evañhi te,bhikkhu, sikkhitabbaṃ.	That’s how you should train yourself.
Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti subhāvito,	When you have developed this undistractible-lucidity in this way,

(combine that with samādhi in 3 ways which fulfills 7sb☀️ and 4j🌕 )

tato tvaṃ,bhikkhu,

then

	(samādhi in 3 ways fulfills (7sb → 1-6 🐘💭… 🌄) and 4j jhānas)
imaṃ samādhiṃ	this undistractible-lucidty
(1) sa-vi-takkampi sa-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(1) with-directed-thought & with-evaluation (you should) develop,
(2) a-vi-takkampi vicāra-mattaṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(2) Without-directed-thought & a-modicum-of-evaluation (you should) develop,
(3) a-vi-takkampi a-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(3) Without-directed-thought & wiithout-evaluation (you should) develop,
Sap-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	(7sb → 4. 😁) With-rapture (you should) develop,
nip-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	Without-rapture (you should) develop,
sāta-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi,	Endowed-with-satisfaction (you should) develop,
upekkhā-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi.	(7sb → 7. 🛆👁 ) Endowed-with-equanimous-observation (you should) develop,

(5. 4Sp #1: Kāya anupassana )

Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti subhāvito,	“When this undistractible-lucidity is thus developed, thus well-developed by you,
tato te,bhikkhu, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ:	you should then train yourself thus:
‘kāye kāyānupassī viharissāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā,	‘I will remain focused on the body in & of itself—ardent, alert, & mindful—
vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassan’ti.	putting aside greed & distress with reference to the world.’
Evañhi te,bhikkhu, sikkhitabbaṃ.	That’s how you should train yourself.
Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato,	When you have developed this undistractible-lucidity in this way,
tato tvaṃ,bhikkhu,	then

(combine that with samādhi in 3 ways which fulfills 7sb☀️ and 4j🌕 )

	(samādhi in 3 ways fulfills (7sb → 1-6 🐘💭… 🌄) and 4j jhānas)
imaṃ samādhiṃ	this undistractible-lucidty
(1) sa-vi-takkampi sa-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(1) with-directed-thought & with-evaluation (you should) develop,
(2) a-vi-takkampi vicāra-mattaṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(2) Without-directed-thought & a-modicum-of-evaluation (you should) develop,
(3) a-vi-takkampi a-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(3) Without-directed-thought & wiithout-evaluation (you should) develop,
Sap-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	(7sb → 4. 😁) With-rapture (you should) develop,
nip-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	Without-rapture (you should) develop,
sāta-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi,	Endowed-with-satisfaction (you should) develop,
upekkhā-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi.	(7sb → 7. 🛆👁 ) Endowed-with-equanimous-observation (you should) develop,

(6. 4Sp #2: Vedana Anupassana)

Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti subhāvito,	“When this undistractible-lucidity is thus developed, thus well-developed by you,
tato te,bhikkhu, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ:	you should train yourself:
‘vedanāsu …	‘I will remain focused on feelings in & of themselves.

(7. 4Sp #3: Citta Anupassana)

citte …

… the mind in & of itself…

(8. 4Sp #4: Dhamma Anupassana)

dhammesu dhammānupassī viharissāmi ātāpī sampajāno satimā,	mental qualities in & of themselves—ardent, alert, & mindful—
vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassan’ti.	putting aside greed & distress with reference to the world.’
Evañhi te,bhikkhu, sikkhitabbaṃ.	That’s how you should train yourself.
Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti bahulīkato,	When you have developed this undistractible-lucidity in this way,
tato tvaṃ,bhikkhu,	then

(combine that with samādhi in 3 ways which fulfills 7sb☀️ and 4j🌕 )

	(samādhi in 3 ways fulfills (7sb → 1-6 🐘💭… 🌄) and 4j jhānas)
imaṃ samādhiṃ	this undistractible-lucidty
(1) sa-vi-takkampi sa-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(1) with-directed-thought & with-evaluation (you should) develop,
(2) a-vi-takkampi vicāra-mattaṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(2) Without-directed-thought & a-modicum-of-evaluation (you should) develop,
(3) a-vi-takkampi a-vicāraṃ bhāveyyāsi,	(3) Without-directed-thought & wiithout-evaluation (you should) develop,
Sap-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	(7sb → 4. 😁) With-rapture (you should) develop,
nip-pīti-kampi bhāveyyāsi,	Without-rapture (you should) develop,
sāta-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi,	Endowed-with-satisfaction (you should) develop,
upekkhā-sahagatampi bhāveyyāsi.	(7sb → 7. 🛆👁 ) Endowed-with-equanimous-observation (you should) develop,

(jhāna samādhi possible in all 4 postures )

Yato kho te,bhikkhu, ayaṃ samādhi evaṃ bhāvito hoti subhāvito,	“When this undistractible-lucidity is thus developed, thus well-developed by you,
tato tvaṃ,bhikkhu, yena yeneva gagghasi phāsuṃyeva gagghasi,	then wherever you go, you will go in comfort.
yattha yattha ṭhassasi phāsuṃyeva ṭhassasi,	Wherever you stand, you will stand in comfort.
yattha yattha nisīdissasi phāsuṃyeva nisīdissasi,	Wherever you sit, you will sit in comfort.
yattha yattha seyyaṃ kappessasi phāsuṃyeva seyyaṃ kappessasī”ti.	Wherever you lie down, you will lie down in comfort.”

(conclusion: khīnā jāti! Destroyed is birth!)

Atha kho so bhikkhu bhagavatā iminā ovādena ovadito uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi.	Then that monk, having been admonished by the admonishment from the Blessed One, got up from his seat and bowed down to the Blessed One, circled around him, keeping the Blessed One to his right side, and left.
Atha kho so bhikkhu eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto	Then, dwelling alone, secluded, heedful, ardent, & resolute,
nacirasseva—yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṃ—brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ	he in no long time entered & remained in the supreme goal of the holy life for which clansmen rightly go forth from home into homelessness,
diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi.	directly knowing & realizing it for himself in the here & now. He knew:
“Khīṇā jāti,	“Birth is ended,
vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ,	the holy life fulfilled,
kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ,	the task done.
nāparaṃ itthattāyā”ti abbhaññāsi.	There is nothing further for the sake of this world.”
Aññataro ca pana so bhikkhu arahataṃ ahosīti.	And thus he became another one of the arahants.

(end of sutta)

Synopsis

It’s important to note in this sutta that all 4bv (brahma viharas, aka appamana ceto vimutti) and 4sp (satipatthana) are explicitly called “samādhi” by the Buddha. In the EBT, this is frequently implied, but here is stated explicitly. 3 way samādhi is a more detailed way of saying 4 jhānas. Te Ab (abhidhamma) classifies this as 5 fold jhāna scheme. So when the eight items in this sutta, the 4bv and 4sp, are combined and 3-way-samādhi, this is an explicit declaration that 4sp, jhāna, 4bv can intersect, overlap, occur simultaneously.

Samādhi, jhāna, 4bv, 4sp in all 4 postures

Not only can Samādhi, jhāna, 4bv, 4sp occur simultaneously, they can happen in all four postures of walking, standing, sitting, lying down.

See AN 5.94, 105, 106 for jhāna, metta as part of phāsu (comfortable) abiding

AN 5.94 Phāsu-vihāra: comfortable-dwelling: (#1-4) four jhānas, (#5) arahantship AN 5.105 Phāsu-vihāra: comfortable-abiding: (#1-3) metta by body/speech/mind towards fellow monks is phāsu, #4 so is samadhi, #5 so is arahantship AN 5.106 Ānanda: (#1-3) virtue and anyonymity is phāsu, (#4) 4 jhānas is phāsu (comfort) dwelling, (#5) arahantship highest phāsu.

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