. |
. |
(arahant experiencing nirvana is a type of “samādhi”) | |
“Bhante, could a bhikkhu obtain such a state of concentration that |
♦ “siyā nu kho, bhante, bhikkhuno tathārūpo samādhi-paṭilābho |
(1) he would have no I-making, mine-making, and underlying tendency to conceit in regard to this conscious body; |
1. yathā imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā nāssu, |
(2) he would have no I-making, mine-making, and underlying tendency to conceit in regard to all external objects; and |
2. bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā nāssu; |
(3) he would enter and dwell in that liberation of mind, liberation by wisdom, through which there is no more I-making, mine-making, and underlying tendency to conceit for one who enters and dwells in it?” |
3. yañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ upasampajja viharato ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na honti tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ upasampajja vihareyyā”ti? |
“He could, Ānanda.” |
“siyā, ānanda, bhikkhuno tathārūpo samādhipaṭilābho yathā imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā nāssu, bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā nāssu; yañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ upasampajja viharato ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na honti tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ upasampajja vihareyyā”ti. |
“But how, Bhante, could he obtain such a state of concentration?” |
♦ “yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, siyā bhikkhuno tathārūpo samādhipaṭilābho yathā imasmiñca saviññāṇake kāye ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā nāssu, bahiddhā ca sabbanimittesu ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā nāssu; yañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ upasampajja viharato ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayā na honti tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ upasampajja vihareyyā”ti? |
(nirvana formula) | |
“Here, Ānanda, a bhikkhu thinks thus: |
♦ “idhānanda, bhikkhuno evaṃ hoti — |
‘This is peaceful, this is sublime, |
‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ |
that is, |
yadidaṃ |
the stilling of all activities, |
sabbasaṅkhārasamatho |
the relinquishing of all acquisitions, |
sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo |
the destruction of craving, |
taṇhākkhayo |
dispassion, |
virāgo |
cessation, |
nirodho |
nibbāna.’ |
nibbānan’ti. |
And how does a royal bull elephant go fast? |
Kathañca, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo gantā hoti? |
It’s when a royal bull elephant swiftly goes in whatever direction the elephant trainer sends it, |
Idha, bhikkhave, rañño nāgo yamenaṃ hatthidammasārathi disaṃ peseti— |
whether or not it has been there before. |
yadi vā gatapubbaṃ yadi vā agatapubbaṃ— |
… | |
And how does a monk go fast? |
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gantā hoti? |
It’s when a monk swiftly goes in the direction they’ve never gone before in all this long time; that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, nirvana. |
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yāyaṃ disā agatapubbā iminā dīghena addhunā yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ, taṃ khippaññeva gantā hoti. |
And how does a monk go fast? |
Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gantā hoti? |
It’s when a monk swiftly goes in the direction they’ve never gone before in all this long time; that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, nirvana. |
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yā sā disā agatapubbā iminā dīghena addhunā, yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ, taṃ khippaññeva gantā hoti. |
STED Jhāna | |
withdrawn (from) sensuality, |
vivicceva kāmehi |
withdrawn (from) unskillful qualities, |
vivicca akusalehi dhammehi |
With-thinking, with-evaluation, |
sa-vitakkaṃ sa-vicāraṃ |
withdrawal rapture-pleasure, |
vivekajaṃ pīti-sukhaṃ |
first jhana (he) enters, dwells. |
paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. |
(doing vipassana while in jhana, can realize Nirvana) | |
What ever [dharma] there are |
So yadeva tattha hoti |
connected to – form |
rūpagataṃ |
connected to – feelings |
vedanāgataṃ |
connected to – perception |
saññāgataṃ |
connected to – co-activities |
Saṅ-khāragataṃ |
connected to – consciousness, |
viññāṇagataṃ, |
those dharmas (are) |
te dhamme |
(1) im-permanent, (2) pain-&-suffering, |
a-niccato dukkhato |
(3) diseased, (4) an abscess, |
rogato gaṇḍato |
(5) a dart, (6) misery, |
sallato aghato |
(7) an affliction, (8) alien, |
ābādhato parato |
(9) falling apart, (10) empty, |
palokato suññato |
(11) not-self, |
anattato |
{He} continuously-sees [dharma in those 11 ways]. |
Sam-anu-passati. |
he, (in regard to) those dharmas, (his) mind turns-away. |
So tehi dhammehi cittaṃ paṭivāpeti. |
he, (in regard to) those dharmas, (his) mind having-turned-away, |
So tehi dhammehi cittaṃ paṭivāpetvā |
(to the) death-less element (his) mind inclines: |
A-matāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃharati: |
This (is) peace, this (is) exquisite — |
‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ |
that is, |
yadidaṃ |
All-co-activities-stilled. |
Sabba-saṅkhāra-samatho |
All-acquisitions-relinquished. |
Sabb—ūpadhi-paṭinissaggo |
Craving-destroyed. |
Taṇhāk-khayo |
Dis-passion. |
Vi-rāgo |
cessation. |
nirodho |
Nirvana. |
nibbānan’ |
“Ānanda, it’s when a mendicant perceives: |
“Idhānanda, bhikkhu evaṃsaññī hoti: |
‘This is peaceful; this is sublime—that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, nirvana.’ |
‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānan’ti. |
That’s how a mendicant might gain a state of undistractible-lucidity like this. They wouldn’t perceive earth in earth, water in water, fire in fire, or air in air. And they wouldn’t perceive the dimension of infinite space in the dimension of infinite space, the dimension of infinite consciousness in the dimension of infinite consciousness, the dimension of nothingness in the dimension of nothingness, or the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception in the dimension of neither perception nor non-perception. And they wouldn’t perceive this world in this world, or the other world in the other world. And yet they would still perceive.” |
Evaṃ kho, ānanda, siyā bhikkhuno tathārūpo samādhipaṭilābho yathā neva pathaviyaṃ pathavisaññī assa, na āpasmiṃ āposaññī assa, na tejasmiṃ tejosaññī assa, na vāyasmiṃ vāyosaññī assa, na ākāsānañcāyatane ākāsānañcāyatanasaññī assa, na viññāṇañcāyatane viññāṇañcāyatanasaññī assa, na ākiñcaññāyatane ākiñcaññāyatanasaññī assa, na nevasaññānāsaññāyatane nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasaññī assa, na idhaloke idhalokasaññī assa, na paraloke paralokasaññī assa; saññī ca pana assā”ti. |
And what is the perception of fading away? |
Katamā cānanda, virāgasaññā? |
It’s when a monk has gone to a wilderness, or to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut, and reflects like this: |
Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati: |
‘This is peaceful; this is sublime—that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, nirvana.’ |
‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhippaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nibbānan’ti. |
This is called the perception of fading away. |
Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, virāgasaññā. (6) |
And what is the perception of cessation? |
Katamā cānanda, nirodhasaññā? |
It’s when a monk has gone to a wilderness, or to the root of a tree, or to an empty hut, and reflects like this: |
Idhānanda, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati: |
‘This is peaceful; this is sublime—that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, cessation, nirvana.’ |
‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhippaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo nirodho nibbānan’ti. |
This is called the perception of cessation. |
Ayaṃ vuccatānanda, nirodhasaññā. (7) |
‘This principle I have discovered is deep, hard to see, hard to understand, peaceful, sublime, beyond the scope of reason, subtle, comprehensible to the astute. |
‘adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo gambhīro duddaso duranubodho santo paṇīto atakkāvacaro nipuṇo paṇḍitavedanīyo. |
But people like attachment, they love it and enjoy it. |
Ālayarāmā kho panāyaṃ pajā ālayaratā ālayasammuditā. |
It’s hard for them to see this thing; that is, specific conditionality, dependent origination. |
Ālayarāmāya kho pana pajāya ālayaratāya ālayasammuditāya duddasaṃ idaṃ ṭhānaṃ yadidaṃ idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppādo. |
It’s also hard for them to see this thing; that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, extinguishment. |
Idampi kho ṭhānaṃ duddasaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. |
And if I were to teach the Dhamma, others might not understand me, which would be wearying and troublesome for me.’ |
Ahañceva kho pana dhammaṃ deseyyaṃ, pare ca me na ājāneyyuṃ; so mamassa kilamatho, sā mamassa vihesā’ti. |
This is the escape from sensuality: renunciation.1 |
kāmānam-etaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhammaṃ, |
This is the escape from form: formlessness. |
rūpānam-etaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ āruppaṃ, |
And as for whatever has come into being, |
yaṃ kho pana kiñci bhūtaṃ |
is fabricated & dependently co-arisen, |
saṅkhataṃ paṭiccasamuppannaṃ |
the escape from that is cessation. |
nirodho tassa nissaraṇaṃ — |
These are the three properties for escape.” |
imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo”ti. |
{that was what the Buddha said} |
etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. |
{then he said some more} |
tatthetaṃ iti vuccati — |
(verse) | |
Knowing the escape from sensuality, |
♦ “kāma-nissaraṇaṃ ñatvā, |
& the overcoming of forms |
rūpānañca atikkamaṃ. |
–ardent always– touching the stilling |
♦ sabba-saṅkhāra-samathaṃ, |
of all fabrications: |
phusaṃ ātāpi sabbadā. |
he is a monk who’s seen rightly. |
♦ “sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, |
From that he is there released. |
yato tattha vimuccati. |
A master of direct knowing, |
♦ abhiññā-vosito santo, |
at peace, he is a sage gone beyond bonds. |
sa ve yogātigo munī”ti. |
§85. This was said by the Blessed One, said by the Arahant, so I have heard: |
♦ 85. vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ -- |
“Remain focused, monks, on foulness in the body. |
♦ “asubhānupassī, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṃ viharatha; |
Have mindfulness of in-&-out breathing well-established to the fore within you. |
ānāpānassati ca vo ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hotu; |
Remain focused on the inconstancy of all fabrications. |
sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassino viharatha. |
For one who remains focused on the foulness of the body, |
asubhānupassīnaṃ, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṃ viharataṃ |
the obsession with passion for the property of beauty is abandoned. |
yo subhāya dhātuyā rāgānusayo so pahīyati VAR . |
For one who has mindfulness of in-&-out breathing well-established to the fore within oneself, |
ānāpānassatiyā ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhititāya |
annoying external thoughts & inclinations don’t exist. |
ye bāhirā vitakkāsayā vighātapakkhikā, te na honti. |
For one who remains focused on the inconstancy of all fabrications, |
sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassīnaṃ viharataṃ |
ignorance is abandoned, |
yā avijjā sā pahīyati, |
clear knowing arises.” |
yā vijjā sā uppajjatī”ti. |
etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. tatthetaṃ iti vuccati — | |
(verse) | |
Focusing on foulness |
♦ “asubhānupassī kāyasmiṃ, |
in the body, |
|
mindful |
ānāpāne paṭissato. |
of in-&-out breathing, |
|
seeing |
♦ sabbasaṅkhārasamathaṃ, |
the stilling of all fabrications |
passaṃ ātāpi sabbadā. |
–ardent |
|
always: |
|
he is a monk |
♦ “sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, |
who’s seen rightly. |
|
From that he is there released. |
yato tattha vimuccati. |
A master of direct knowing, |
|
at peace, |
♦ abhiññāvosito santo, |
he is a sage |
sa ve yogātigo munī”ti. |
gone beyond bonds. |
♦ ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. chaṭṭhaṃ. |
See also: SN 8:4 |
|
coming into play. |
♦ 736. |
Knowing this drawback— |
♦ “yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ sambhoti, |
that stress comes from fabrication |
sabbaṃ saṅkhārapaccayā. |
as a requisite |
♦ saṅkhārānaṃ nirodhena, |
condition— |
natthi dukkhassa sambhavo. |
with the tranquilizing of all fabrication, |
|
with the stopping of perception: |
♦ 737. |
That’s how there is |
♦ “etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, |
the ending of stress. |
dukkhaṃ saṅkhārapaccayā. |
Knowing this as it actually is, |
♦ sabbasaṅkhārasamathā, |
an attainer-of-knowledge |
saññānaṃ uparodhanā. |
sees rightly. |
♦ evaṃ dukkhakkhayo hoti, |
Seeing rightly, |
etaṃ ñatvā yathātathaṃ. |
They hear the Realized One or their disciple teaching Dhamma for the uprooting of all grounds, dedications, obsessions, insistences, and underlying tendencies regarding views; for the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, nirvana. |
So suṇāti tathāgatassa vā tathāgatasāvakassa vā sabbesaṃ diṭṭhiṭṭhānādhiṭṭhānapariyuṭṭhānābhinivesānusayānaṃ samugghātāya sabbasaṅkhārasamathāya sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggāya taṇhākkhayāya virāgāya nirodhāya nibbānāya dhammaṃ desentassa. |
They think: |
Tassa evaṃ hoti: |
‘Whoa, I’m going to be annihilated and destroyed! I won’t exist any more!’ |
‘ucchijjissāmi nāmassu, vinassissāmi nāmassu, nassu nāma bhavissāmī’ti. |
They sorrow and pine and lament, beating their breast and falling into confusion. |
So socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṃ kandati sammohaṃ āpajjati. |
That’s how there is anxiety about what doesn’t exist internally.” |
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, ajjhattaṃ asati paritassanā hotī”ti. |
And what, Ānanda, is the path and the practice for giving up the five lower fetters? |
Katamo cānanda, maggo, katamā paṭipadā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya? |
It’s when a monk—due to the seclusion from attachments, the giving up of unskillful qualities, and the complete settling of physical discomfort—quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first jhāna, which has the rapture and pleasure born of seclusion, while directing-thought and evaluation. |
Idhānanda, bhikkhu upadhivivekā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānā sabbaso kāyaduṭṭhullānaṃ paṭippassaddhiyā vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. |
They contemplate the phenomena there—included in form, feeling, perception, co-doings, and consciousness—as impermanent, as suffering, as diseased, as an abscess, as a dart, as misery, as an affliction, as alien, as falling apart, as empty, as not-self. |
So yadeva tattha hoti rūpagataṃ vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ te dhamme aniccato dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato parato palokato suññato anattato samanupassati. |
They turn their mind away from those things, |
So tehi dhammehi cittaṃ paṭivāpeti. |
and apply it to the deathless element: |
So tehi dhammehi cittaṃ paṭivāpetvā amatāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃharati: |
‘This is peaceful; this is sublime—that is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, cessation, nirvana.’ |
‘etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ yadidaṃ sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānan’ti. |
Abiding in that they attain the ending of defilements. |
So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti; |
If they don’t attain the ending of defilements, with the ending of the five lower fetters they’re reborn spontaneously, because of their passion and love for that meditation. They are nirvana'd there, and are not liable to return from that world. |
no ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī, anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. |
And yet my mind isn’t eager, confident, settled, and decided about the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, nirvana. |
Atha ca pana me sabbasaṅkhārasamathe sabbūpadhipaṭinissagge taṇhākkhaye virāge nirodhe nibbāne cittaṃ na pakkhandati nappasīdati na santiṭṭhati nādhimuccati. |
Anxiety and grasping arise. |
Paritassanā upādānaṃ uppajjati; |
And the mind reverts to thinking: |
paccudāvattati mānasaṃ: |
‘So then who exactly is my self?’ |
‘atha ko carahi me attā’ti? |
But that doesn’t happen for someone who sees the teaching. |
Na kho panevaṃ dhammaṃ passato hoti. |
Who can teach me the Dhamma so that I can see the teaching?” |
Ko nu kho me tathā dhammaṃ deseyya yathāhaṃ dhammaṃ passeyyan”ti. |
You can expect that a faithful, energetic, rememberful noble disciple with their mind undistractify-&-lucidifyd in samādhi will understand this: |
Saddhassa hi, bhante, ariyasāvakassa āraddhavīriyassa upaṭṭhitassatino samāhitacittassa etaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ yaṃ evaṃ pajānissati— |
‘Transmigration has no known beginning. |
anamataggo kho saṃsāro. |
No first point is found of sentient beings roaming and transmigrating, hindered by ignorance and fettered by craving. |
Pubbakoṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. |
But when that dark mass of ignorance fades away and ceases with nothing left over, that state is peaceful and sublime. |
Avijjāya tveva tamokāyassa asesavirāganirodho santametaṃ padaṃ paṇītametaṃ padaṃ, yadidaṃ— |
That is, the stilling of all activities, the letting go of all attachments, the ending of craving, fading away, cessation, nirvana.’ |
sabbasaṅkhārasamatho sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhākkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. |
For their noble wisdom is the faculty of wisdom. |
Yā hissa, bhante, paññā tadassa paññindriyaṃ. |
When a noble disciple has tried again and again, recollected again and again, entered undistractible-lucidity again and again, and understood with wisdom again and again, they will be confident of this: |
Saddho so, bhante, ariyasāvako evaṃ padahitvā padahitvā evaṃ saritvā saritvā evaṃ samādahitvā samādahitvā evaṃ pajānitvā pajānitvā evaṃ abhisaddahati: |
‘I have previously heard of these things. |
‘ime kho te dhammā ye me pubbe sutavā ahesuṃ. |
But now I have direct meditative experience of them, and see them with penetrating wisdom.’ |
Tenāhaṃ etarahi kāyena ca phusitvā viharāmi, paññāya ca ativijjha passāmī’ti. |
For their faith is the faculty of faith.” |
Yā hissa, bhante, saddhā tadassa saddhindriyan”ti. |
“Good, good, Sāriputta! |
“Sādhu sādhu, sāriputta. |
“Sāriputta, a noble disciple who is sure and devoted to the Realized One would have no doubt or uncertainty about the Realized One or his instructions. …” |
Yo so, sāriputta, ariyasāvako tathāgate ekantagato abhippasanno, na so tathāgate vā tathāgatasāsane vā kaṅkheyya vā vicikiccheyya vā. |