kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā |
With-the-body, tactile-sensations (he) senses. |
na nimittag-gāhī hoti |
(he) Does-not {grab}-signs ****. |
Nā-nubyañjanag-gāhī. |
Does-not {grab}-features. |
yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ kāy-indriyaṃ a-saṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ |
Since-if-he-were-to {dwell with the} body-faculty un-restrained ***********, |
Abhijjhā-domanassā pāpakā a-kusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, |
greed-(and)-distress (and) evil un-skillful states would-invade [his mind]. |
tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, |
His restraint (is put into) practice. |
rakkhati kāy-indriyaṃ, |
(he) protects (the) body-faculty. |
kāy-indriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. |
The body-faculty restraint (he) undertakes. |
Kathañ-ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu |
"And-how, monks, {does a} monk |
bhojane mattaññū hoti? |
eat (in) moderation ****? |
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu |
Here, monks, a-monk |
paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti: |
reflecting carefully (on) food (he) consumes: |
‘neva davāya |
'not (for) amusement, |
na madāya |
not (for) intoxication, |
na maṇḍanāya |
not (for) beautification, |
na vibhūsanāya, |
not (for) attractiveness, |
yāva-deva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya |
only-for this body's maintenance (and) nourishment, |
vihiṃs-ūparatiyā |
injury-avoidance [from under eating], |
brahmacariy-ānuggahāya, |
[for] assisting (the) holy-life, |
iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, |
[thinking:] thus old feelings [of hunger] I-will-terminate, |
navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, |
new feelings [of overeating] I-will-not-arouse, |
yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca |
{and} healthy I will-become, blamless and |
Phāsu-vihāro cā’ti. |
(in) comfort (I) dwell ****. |
Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu |
Thus indeed, monks, a-monk |
bhojane mattaññū hoti. |
eat (in) moderation ****. |
♦ “yañca kho, omāti, bhante, |
"That indeed, *****, ******, |
bhagavā iddhiyā |
the-Blessed-One (with) spiritual-power |
mano-mayena kāyena |
(with) mind-made body [is able to] |
brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ, |
{travel to the} brahma-world, |
yañca kho abhijānāti, bhante, |
that indeed with-direct-experience, ******, |
bhagavā iminā cātu-mahā-bhūtikena |
the-Blessed-One (with) these four-great-elements |
kāyena iddhiyā |
[comprising the] body, (with) spiritual-power |
brahmalokaṃ upasaṅkamitā, |
(to the) brahma-world (he can) travel (to), |
tayidaṃ, bhante, |
This is, ******, |
bhagavato acchariyañceva abbhutañcā”ti. |
********* wonderful (and) marvelous!" |
… |
… |
evameva kho, ānanda, |
like-that also, *******, |
yasmiṃ samaye tathāgato |
****** when (the) Tathāgata's |
kāyampi citte samodahati, |
body {is immersed} in-the-mind, |
cittampi kāye samodahati, |
(and) mind {is immersed} in-the-body, |
sukha-saññañca |
pleasurable-perceptions |
lahu-saññañca kāye |
(and) light-weight-perceptions (in regard to the) body |
okkamitvā viharati; |
(he has) entered (and) dwells (in); |
tasmiṃ, ānanda, |
******, *******, |
samaye tathāgatassa |
(on that) occasion (the) Tathāgata's |
kāyo lahutaro ceva hoti |
body {becomes} light-weight indeed ****, |
mudutaro ca kammaniyataro ca |
malleable and wieldy, |
pabhassarataro ca. |
and luminous. |
‘ime vata, bhonto, sattā |
these ****, ******, beings, |
kāya-duc-caritena samannāgatā |
bodily-bad-conduct (they) possess, |
vacī-duc-caritena samannāgatā |
verbal-bad-conduct (they) possess, |
mano-duc-caritena samannāgatā |
mental-bad-conduct (they) possess, |
ariyānaṃ upavādakā |
noble-ones (they) revile, |
micchā-diṭṭhikā |
wrong-views (they hold), |
micchā-diṭṭhi-kamma-samādānā; |
wrong-views-(guided)-actions-(they)-undertook, |
te kāyassa bhedā |
(when) their bodies break-up |
paraṃ maraṇā |
after death, |
apāyaṃ dug-gatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ |
(in the) plane-of-deprivation, (the) bad-destination, (the) lower realms, (in) hell |
upapannā. |
(they have) reappeared. |
♦ “evametaṃ, gahapati, evametaṃ, gahapati! |
"So it is, householder. So it is. |
āturo hāyaṃ, gahapati, |
|
kāyo aṇḍabhūto pariyonaddho. |
The body is afflicted, weak, & encumbered. |
yo hi, gahapati, imaṃ kāyaṃ pariharanto |
For who, looking after this body, |
muhuttampi ārogyaṃ paṭijāneyya, |
would claim even a moment of true health, |
kimaññatra bālyā? |
except through sheer foolishness? |
tasmātiha te, gahapati, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ — |
So you should train yourself: |
‘ātura-kāyassa |
'Even though I may be afflicted in body, |
me sato cittaṃ an-āturaṃ bhavissatī’ti. |
my mind will be unafflicted.' |
AN 5.28, DN 2, MN 39, jhāna simile commentary – physical!
SA 484 Buddha says first jhāna formula pīti sukha pervades entire physical body
MN 119 4 jhana similes are under kaya anupassana / kayagatasati
Theravada commentary for 4 jhana simles confirms body is physical “skin, flesh, blood”
Sarvastivada 16 APS, 4jhanas, and the Abhihdharma for Sarvastivada confirm body is physical
see article under STED/16 APS dhyana samadhi sutra
Vimuttimagga, an early Theravada commentary Arahant upatissa says body is physical in 4 jhanas, you can feel leg pain, can hear sounds.
(1, 2, 3) Tassime pañca nīvaraṇe pahīne attani samanupassato |
(1, 2, 3) Seeing that the hindrances have been given up in them, |
pāmojjaṃ jāyati, |
joy springs up. |
(4) pa-muditassa pīti jāyati, |
(4) Being joyful, rapture springs up. |
(5) pīti-manassa kāyo passambhati, |
(5) When the mind is full of rapture, the body becomes tranquil. |
Passaddha-kāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, |
When the body is tranquil, they feel bliss. |
(6) sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. |
(6) And when blissful, the mind becomes immersed. |
So vivicceva kāmehi, vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. |
Quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, they enter and remain in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, [with vitakka & vicara]. |
So imameva kāyaṃ vivekajena pītisukhena abhisandeti parisandeti paripūreti parippharati, nāssa kiñci sabbāvato kāyassa vivekajena pītisukhena apphuṭaṃ hoti. |
They drench, steep, fill, and spread their body with rapture and bliss born of seclusion. There’s no part of the body that’s not spread with rapture and bliss born of seclusion. |
SA 484 body means corporeal body; jhāna involves whole-body awareness
(SA 484 is from Sarvastivada EBT school. Comments and english translation of key chinese phrases are from Dr. William Chu)
•阿難尊者問:「什麼是極樂？」尊者跋陀羅回答說：「……阿難！有眾生離欲而產生喜樂，處處潤澤，處處敷悅，舉身充滿，無不滿處」 |
•SA 484: Ananda: “What constitutes a superior pleasure?” …“Ananda, from seclusion, some beings give rise to happiness and pleasure. Such [happiness and pleasure] pervade everywhere, nourish everywhere, and envelop and delight everywhere—the whole body is filled to the brim with them; the body is replete with them everywhere.” |
123b28 離生喜樂 |
happiness and pleasure born of seclusion |
This passage is indubitably about jhanas, and indubitably about whole body being pervaded by piti-suka. Moreover, the expression "jushen" (whole body) makes it expressly about the corporeal body, rather than any metaphorical body/entity.
. |
. |
♦ 170. kathaṃ “sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī |
42. (§48). “`Experiencing the whole body,’ |
assasissāmī”ti sikkhati, |
I shall breathe in, thus he trains himself; |
“sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī |
`experiencing the whole body,’ |
passasissāmī”ti sikkhati? |
I shall breathe out, thus he trains himself.” |
kāyoti dve kāyā — |
“Body”: There are two bodies— |
nāma-kāyo ca rūpa-kāyo ca. |
the mentality-body and the materiality-body. |
katamo nāma-kāyo? |
What is the mentality body? |
vedanā, saññā, cetanā, |
Feeling, perception, volition, |
phasso, manasikāro, |
sense-impression, attention, |
nāmañ-ca nāma-kāyo ca, |
mentality and the mentality-body— |
ye ca vuccanti citta-saṅkhārā — |
and those (things) which are called the mental formations— |
ayaṃ nāmakāyo. |
this is the mentality-body. 176 |
katamo rūpa-kāyo? |
What is materialiy body? |
cattāro ca mahā-bhūtā, |
The four great primaries |
catunnañ-ca mahā-bhūtānaṃ upādāya-rūpaṃ, |
and the materiality derived from the four great primaries— |
assāso ca passāso ca, |
in-breath and out-breath and |
nimittañ-ca upanibandhanā, |
the sign for the binding (of mindfulness)— |
ye ca vuccanti kāya-saṅkhārā — |
and those (things) which are called the bodily formations— |
ayaṃ rūpa-kāyo. |
this is the materiality-body.177 |
♦ 171. kathaṃ “passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ |
59. (§51). “`Calming the bodily formation, |
assasissāmī”ti sikkhati, |
I shall breathe in,’ thus he trains himself; |
“passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ |
`calming the bodily formation, I shall breathe out,’ |
passasissāmī”ti sikkhati? |
thus he trains himself.” |
katamo kāyasaṅkhāro? |
“Bodily-formation”: |
dīghaṃ assāsā kāyikā. |
long in-breaths, these things are bodily properties; |
ete dhammā kāyapaṭibaddhā kāyasaṅkhārā. |
being bound up with the body they are bodily formations.180 |
te kāyasaṅkhāre passambhento nirodhento |
He trains himself by calming, causing to cease, |
vūpasamento sikkhati. |
pacifying, those bodily formations. |
dīghaṃ passāsā kāyikā. |
long out-breaths, … |
ete dhammā kāyapaṭibaddhā kāyasaṅkhārā. |
… |
te kāyasaṅkhāre passambhento nirodhento |
… |
vūpasamento sikkhati. |
… |
rassaṃ assāsā rassaṃ passāsā. |
short in breaths, short out-breaths, |
sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assāsā |
breathing in experiencing the whole body, |
sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passāsā |
breathing out experiencing the whole body— |
kāyikā. |
these things are bodily properties; |
ete dhammā kāyapaṭibaddhā kāyasaṅkhārā. |
being bound up with the body they are bodily formations.180 |
te kāyasaṅkhāre passambhento nirodhento |
He trains himself by calming, causing to cease, |
vūpasamento sikkhati. |
pacifying, those bodily formations. |
♦ yathārūpehi kāyasaṅkhārehi yā kāyassa |
Such bodily formations whereby there is |
ā-namanā |
bending backward, |
vi-namanā |
sideways, |
san-namanā |
all ways, |
pa-ṇamanā |
forward, |
iñjanā |
shaking, |
phandanā |
trembling, |
calanā |
moving of the body— |
pakampanā — |
passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ |
“`calming the bodily formation, |
assasissāmīti sikkhati, passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmīti sikkhati. yathārūpehi kāyasaṅkhārehi yā kāyassa na ānamanā na vinamanā na sannamanā na paṇamanā aniñjanā aphandanā acalanā akampanā santaṃ sukhumaṃ |
I shall breathe in,’ thus he trains himself; |
passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ |
‘calming the bodily formation, |
assasissāmīti sikkhati, |
I shall breathe out,’ thus he trains himself.” |
passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ |
|
passasissāmīti sikkhati. |
Such bodily formations whereby there is no bending |
| backward, sideways, all ways, forward, shaking, trembling, | |
| moving of the body—”`Calming the quiet and subtle bodily | |
| formation, I shall breathe in,’ thus he trains himself; | |
| ‘calming the quiet and subtle bodily formation, | |
| I shall breathe out,’ thus he trains himself. |
Khuddaka Nikāya, nettippakaraṇapāḷi, 4. paṭiniddesavāro, 14. adhiṭṭhānahāravibhaṅgo
For context, this section is defining some key dhamma terms like dukkha, magga, samāpatti, kāya, rūpa, etc. Kāya here is defined in isolation, not as part of 16 APS or part of ayatana.
♦ “kāyo”ti ekattatā. |
Body … |
tattha katamo kāyo? |
here what is body? |
nāma-kāyo rūpa-kāyo ca. |
Mentality-body (and) materiality-body. |
tattha katamo rūpakāyo? |
What is materialiy body? |
kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco, |
Head-hairs, body-hairs, nails, teeth, skin, |
maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhi-miñjaṃ vakkaṃ, |
flesh, tendons, bones, bone-marrow, kidneys, |
hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ, |
heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, |
antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ, |
Large-intestines, small-intestines, stomach, feces, |
pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo, |
bile, phelgm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, |
assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃ |
tears, skin-oil, saliva, mucous, fluid-in-the-joints, urine, |
matthaluṅgan ti |
brain. |
— ayaṃ rūpa-kāyo. |
this is the materiality-body. |
nāmakāyo nāma |
Mentality-body (is comprised of) mentality, |
vedanā saññā |
feelings, perception |
cetanā cittaṃ |
intention, mind, |
phasso manasikāroti — |
contact, attention - |
ayaṃ nāmakāyoti. |
this is mentality body |
ayaṃ vemattatā. |
AN-a 5, 1. paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, 3. pañcaṅgikavaggo, 8. pañcaṅgikasuttavaṇṇanā, para. 1 ⇒ |
(geoff shatz trans.) |
imameva kāyan-ti imaṃ karajakāyaṃ. |
“This very body:” this body born of action [i.e. born of kamma]. |
Abhisandetī-ti temeti sneheti, |
“He drenches:” he moistens, |
sabbattha pavatta-pīti-sukhaṃ karoti. |
he extends joy and pleasure everywhere. |
Parisandetī-ti samantato sandeti. |
“Steeps:” to flow all over. |
Paripūretī-ti vāyunā bhastaṃ viya pūreti. |
“Fills:” like filling a bellows with air. |
Parippharatī-ti samantato phusati. |
“Permeates:” to touch all over. |
sabbāvato kāyassāti assa bhikkhuno |
“His whole body:” in this monk’s body, |
sabbakoṭṭhāsavato kāyassa kiñci upādinnakasantatipavattiṭṭhāne |
with all its parts, in the place where acquired [material] continuity occurs there is not even the smallest part consisting of |
Chavi-maṃsa-lohit-ānugataṃ |
skin, flesh, and blood |
aṇumattampi ṭhānaṃ paṭhamaj-jhāna-sukhena a-phuṭaṃ nāma na hoti. |
that is not-permeated with the pleasure of the first-jhāna. |
♦ āraddha-vīriyassa |
For him of strenuous energy |
uppajjati pīti nir-āmisā — |
there arises rapture that is not worldly. |
ayaṃ vuccati “pīti-sambojjhaṅgo”. |
This is called rapture-awakening-factor. (4) |
♦ pīti-manassa kāyopi passambhati, |
For him of raptureful mind the body becomes calm, |
cittampi passambhati — |
also consciousness becomes calm. |
ayaṃ vuccati “passaddhisambojjhaṅgo”. |
This is called calmness-awakening-factor. (5) |
♦ passaddha-kāyassa sukhino |
For him of calm-body and pleasure, |
cittaṃ samādhiyati — |
consciousness is in samādhi. |
ayaṃ vuccati “samādhisambojjhaṅgo” . |
This is called samādhi-awakening-factor. (6) |
♦ tattha katamo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo? |
Therein what is calmness-awakening-factor? |
atthi kāya-passaddhi, |
There is calmness of the body; |
atthi citta-passaddhi . |
there is calmness of consciousness. |
yadapi kāya-passaddhi |
That which is calmness of body, |
tadapi passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgo abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. |
that calmness-awakening-factor is for full knowledge, for awakening, for full emancipation also. |
yadapi citta-passaddhi |
That which is calmness of consciousness; |
tadapi passaddhi-sambojjhaṅgo abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. |
that calmness-awakening-factor is for full knowledge, for awakening, for full emancipation also. (5) |
♦ tattha katamo passaddhisambojjhaṅgo? yā |
Therein what is calmness-awakening-factor? That which |
vedanākkhandhassa |
of the aggregate of feeling, |
saññākkhandhassa |
of the aggregate of perception, |
saṅkhārakkhandhassa |
of the aggregate of volitional activities, |
viññāṇakkhandhassa passaddhi |
of the aggregate of consciousness is calmness, |
paṭippassaddhi passambhanā paṭippassambhanā |
serenity, being calm, being serene, |
paṭippassambhitattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo — |
state of being serene, calmness-awakening-factor. |
ayaṃ vuccati “passaddhisambojjhaṅgo”. |
This is called calmness-awakening-factor. (5) |
vibhaṅgapāḷi |
The Book of Analysis |
♦ 2. āyatanavibhaṅgo |
2. Analysis Of The Sense-bases |
♦ 1. suttantabhājanīyaṃ |
2.1. Analysis According To The Discourses |
♦ 154. dvādasāyatanāni — cakkhāyatanaṃ, rūpāyatanaṃ, sotāyatanaṃ, saddāyatanaṃ, ghānāyatanaṃ, gandhāyatanaṃ, jivhāyatanaṃ, rasāyatanaṃ, kāyāyatanaṃ, phoṭṭhabbāyatanaṃ, manāyatanaṃ, dhammāyatanaṃ. |
The twelve sense-bases are: The eye sense-base, visible sense-base, ear sense-base, audible sense-base, nose sense-base, odorous sense-base, tongue sense-base, sapid sense-base, body sense-base, tangible sense-base, mind sense-base, ideational sense-base. |
♦ cakkhuṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā vipariṇāmadhammaṃ. rūpā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā. sotaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā vipariṇāmadhammaṃ. saddā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā. ghānaṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā vipariṇāmadhammaṃ. gandhā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā. jivhā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā. rasā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā. kāyo anicco dukkho anattā vipariṇāmadhammo. phoṭṭhabbā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā. mano anicco dukkho anattā vipariṇāmadhammo. dhammā aniccā dukkhā anattā vipariṇāmadhammā. |
The eye is impermanent, suffering, without soul, a changeable thing; visible (objects) are impermanent, suffering, without soul, changeable things. The ear is impermanent, suffering, without soul, a changeable thing; audible (objects) are impermanent, suffering, without soul, changeable things. The nose is impermanent, suffering, without soul, a changeable thing; odorous (objects) are impermanent, suffering, without soul, changeable things. The tongue is impermanent, suffering, without soul, a changeable thing; sapid (objects) are impermanent, suffering, without soul, changeable things. The body is impermanent, suffering, without soul, a changeable thing; tangible (objects) are impermanent, suffering, without soul, changeable things. The mind is impermanent, suffering, without soul, a changeable thing; ideational (objects) are impermanent, suffering, without soul, changeable things. |
♦ suttantabhājanīyaṃ. |
(Here Ends) Analysis According To The Discourses |
♦ 160. tattha katamaṃ kāyāyatanaṃ? yo kāyo catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya pasādo attabhāvapariyāpanno anidassano sappaṭigho, yena kāyena anidassanena sappaṭighena phoṭṭhabbaṃ anidassanaṃ sappaṭighaṃ phusi vā phusati vā phusissati vā phuse vā, kāyopeso kāyāyatanampetaṃ kāyadhātupesā kāyindriyampetaṃ lokopeso dvārāpesā samuddopeso paṇḍarampetaṃ khettampetaṃ vatthumpetaṃ orimaṃ tīrampetaṃ suñño gāmopeso. idaṃ vuccati “kāyāyatanaṃ”. |
Therein what is body sense-base? That body which, deriving from the four great essentials, is sensitive surface, included in the body, invisible, impingent; by means of which invisible impingent body (one) touched, touches, will touch or may touch invisible impingent tangible (object); this is body; this is body sense-base; this is body element; |
| this is faculty of body; this is a world; this is a door; this is an ocean; this is lucence; this is a field; this is a basis; this is the near shore; this is an empty village. This is called body sense-base. (5) |
“kathañ-ca, bhikkhave, |
“And-how, monks, |
puggalo samaṇa-padumo hoti? |
{is a} person (an) ascetic-red-lotus ****? |
idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu |
Here, monks, (a) monk, |
āsavānaṃ khayā |
asinine-inclinations destroyed, |
an-āsavaṃ |
free-of-asininity, |
ceto-vimuttiṃ |
mental-liberation, |
paññā-vimuttiṃ |
discernment-liberation, |
diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ |
having-seen dhamma himself, |
abhiññā sacchikatvā |
higher-knowledge {having}-realized, |
upasampajja viharati, |
(he) enters (and) dwells (thus). |
aṭṭha ca vimokkhe |
{And the} eight ** liberations |
kāyena phusitvā viharati. |
(with his) body (he) contacts (and) dwells. |
evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, |
Thus indeed, monks, |
puggalo samaṇapadumo hoti. |
{is a} person (an) ascetic-red-lotus ****. |
24/7 samādhi
by default vedana/experienced-sensations, feelings, originate from the physical
Article on mind body connection by Peter Harvey.
🔗collection of articles on pali words for 'body', mind & body dichotomy).